Case 1An 82-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen for 3 d. Standard laboratory tests, serum levels of CA 19-9 and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were within normal ranges. Ultrasonography (USG) and computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a well demarcated, elliptical 7 cm × 5 cm cystic mass with parietal calcifications in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. There was an indentation in the cecum by colonoscopy. Surgical exploration revealed the mass to be an AM. Simple appendectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed a mucinous cystadenoma with dimensions of 8 cm × 6 cm × 5.5 cm. AM restricted to the appendix and cecum was free of the disease. The patient's postoperative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged home on the 4th postoperative day. Case 2A 65-year-old woman was referred to the emergency de- CASE REPORT AbstractThe mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon disorder which is often asymptomatic but sometimes causes acute appendicitis-like symptoms. Sometimes, patients with mucocele can present with confusing symptoms. Preoperative suspicion and diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele are important. Ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful tools for the diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele. It may be also recognised by colonoscopy as a smooth submucosal lesion of the cecum. Optimal management of the mucocele could be achieved through accurate preoperative diagnosis. Preoperative diagnosis is a major component for minimizing intra-operative and post-operative complications. We herein report five cases and discuss the diagnostic methods and surgical treatment.

ABS is as effective as Surgicel in achieving hemostasis following partial liver excision in an experimental rat model.

The complication rates of TT performed by residents and attending surgeons were similar. Thus, residents can perform TT safely and effectively under the direct supervision of a senior surgeon. Ultimately, strict adherence to the contemporary principles of thyroid surgery is of paramount importance.

Moreover, the association of a lipoma within the inverted Meckel's diverticulum as a leading point of bleeding and recurrent episodes of partial intestinal obstruction is such an unusual circumstance that might be considered quite impossible.Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, which is reported to occur in 1%-3% of the general population and autopsy series [1,2] . However, the lifetime risk of complication development in patients with Meckel's diverticulum was proposed to be less than 5% in recent investigations [3] . These complications included intestinal obstruction, intussusceptions, inflammation and bleeding.Lipomas are the rare benign tumors of the small intestine with no malignant potential and mostly encountered incidentally during investigation of the gastrointestinal tract for another reason, since they are usually asymptomatic [4] . As small intestinal lipoma is relatively infrequent, it is even a rarer source of gastrointestinal bleeding.We present a case of a 47-year-old man with fatigue, chronic abdominal pain and tarry stool due to an inverted Meckel's diverticulum with a subserosal lipoma. This is a special case that has not appeared in literature over the past 4 decades. Although the incidence of Meckel's diverticulum is high, inversion is a scarsely diagnosed entity and the association of a lipoma within the inverted Meckel's diverticulum as a leading point of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage without the existence of heterotopic gastric and pancreatic tissues and recurrent partial intestinal obstruction is an exceptional case. CASE REPORTA 47-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with fatigue, recurrent episodes of constipation and abdominal pain. Melena was mentioned on admission. He denied vomiting, fever, or chills. He had had symptoms intermittently for about 4 mo, leading to several hospital visits. Over the previous 2 mo, the episodes of pain became more pronounced with radiation to his back. The patient was not using any specific medication and his medical history did not suggest a major disease. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 37℃, a pulse rate of 90 beats per minute (bpm), a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, and a respiration rate of 18 breaths per minute. The CASE REPORT Lipoma within inverted AbstractLipoma within an inverted Meckel's diverticulum presenting with hemorrhage and partial intestinal obstruction is an exceptional clinical entity. We report a case of 47-year-old male with a history of recurrent episodes of partial intestinal obstruction and melena due to a subserosal lipoma located in the base of an inverted Meckel's diverticulum. According to our knowledge, this is the first case of a lipoma within a Meckel's diverticulum giving rise to this clinical scenario without the existence of heterotrophic gastric or pancreatic tissues.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tadalafil (TDF) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on hepatic apoptosis and the expressions of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) after liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Forty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) as follows: sham group; IR group with ischemia/reperfusion alone; low-dose and high-dose TDF groups received 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg TDF, respectively; and PTX group received 40 mg/kg PTX. Blood was collected for the analysis of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). MDA and TAC also were measured in liver tissue. Histopathological examination was performed to assess the severity of hepatic injury. Apoptosis was evaluated using the apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1) antibody; the expressions of eNOS and iNOS were also assessed by immunohistochemistry in all groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, MDA, and TAC, tissue MDA and TAC levels, hepatic injury, and score for extent and for intensity of eNOS, iNOS, and apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 were significantly different in TDF and PTX groups compared to the IR group. High dose-TDF and PTX have the best protective effect on IR-induced liver tissue damage. This study showed that TDF and PTX supplementation may be helpful in preventing free oxygen radical damage, lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte necrosis, and apoptosis in liver IR injury and minimizing liver damage.