This review summarizes what is known about the influence of water temperature and velocity on the migration and spawning success of an inland population of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Models are then developed and used to illustrate how migration and spawning success might change if temperatures and velocities increase under a future climate. The illustration shows the potential for moderate increases in temperature and velocity to reduce homing and increase energy expenditure. Those two outcomes would reduce the abundance, productivity, and diversity of the population studied. Under the future scenario illustrated, it would become difficult for fish management actions alone to recover conservation-reliant populations of inland Chinook salmon.
Lynntech, Inc has successfully researched and demonstrated a unique method for the manufacture of quasicrystalline (QC) coatings that utilizes the process of electrocodeposition. The purpose of this study was to optimize the physical-mechanical properties of the QC coatings. All metal substrates were aluminum alloy Al-3004 and codeposition was performed using Al 65 Cu 23 Fe 12 QC powders in nickel plating solutions. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was performed in order to verify the attachment of quasicrystals to the aluminum alloy substrate and coated samples displayed identical spectra to those of raw QC powders. The average contact angle θ was 117.2° for electrocodeposited QC coatings. Friction was monitored during pin-ondisk wear tests and QC coated samples had coefficients of friction as low as 0.01 and an average value of 0.05 with samples showing no visible wear scar. Lynntech's electrocodeposited quasicrystalline coatings withstand high temperatures and exhibit low wear and friction characteristics with a low surface energy making them ideal for cookware, as well as various other applications such as bearings, landing gear and engine parts, where thermal and mechanical conditions are prime importance.
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