Purpose. The MacDonald triad is composed of three developmental markers, including cruelty to animals, firesetting, and enuresis after the age of 5. Although there has been considerable interest in this construct initially, research has produced inconsistent results regarding its validity in terms of distinguishing between offender and non-offender populations, or predicting future offences. The current study investigated the links between the triad, dimensions of psychopathology, and trajectories of aggression in a sample of 254 rapists previously collected from a single forensic mental health institution in the United States. Method. A retrospective temporal design was used to examine associations between variables in a sequence of ten offences. Results. Latent structure analyses yielded a two-class solution for the triad indicators, a five-dimensional model for psychopathology and three trajectories for the aggression variables over a sequence of ten offences. Univariate analyses revealed that the class characterized primarily by a high prevalence of cruelty to animals and firesetting was associated with a higher level of antisocial and aggressive traits, as well as with a trajectory of offending featuring higher levels of expressive aggression, at least during the first few offences in the sequence. These associations were large and weak-to-moderate in magnitude, respectively. Conclusions. If replicated, these findings may suggest that a particular subgroup of sex offenders showing components of the triad are at particular risk of developing antisocial features, thus impacting the level of risk they pose to potential victims and the community.
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), a neurological hearing impairment, often leads to delays in speech development when diagnosed in childhood. It is unclear whether children with APD make articulation errors due to auditory processing deficits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the articulation error patterns of children diagnosed with APD. We examined speech samples from 26 children diagnosed with APD who participated in a previous research study involving speech perception testing. During this task, each child repeated each of 50 monosyllabic words presented to them in quiet. For each incorrect response, we examined the errors by type of articulation error (substitution, deletion, insertion, or distortion) and the syllable position (onset or coda). Speech perception scores were normal in quiet. However, 22 subjects responded incorrectly for one or more words, with substitution errors (40-50%) being the most prevalent type of errors. Articulation errors in the coda position (81%) were more common than errors in the onset position (19%). These results imply that children with APD, though generally performing well on speech tests in quiet, tend to display articulation issues not typically seen in normally developing children in the same age group. [Work supported by NIH COBRE Grants 2P20RR020173-06A1 and P30GM114736.]
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.