Interest in growing cannabis for medical and recreational purposes is increasing worldwide. This study reviews the environmental impacts of cannabis cultivation. Results show that both indoor and outdoor cannabis growing is water-intensive. The high water demand leads to water pollution and diversion, which could negatively affect the ecosystem. Studies found out that cannabis plants emit a significant amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds, which could cause indoor air quality issues. Indoor cannabis cultivation is energy-consuming, mainly due to heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting. Energy consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Cannabis cultivation could directly contribute to soil erosion. Meanwhile, cannabis plants have the ability to absorb and store heavy metals. It is envisioned that technologies such as precision irrigation could reduce water use, and application of tools such as life cycle analysis would advance understanding of the environmental impacts of cannabis cultivation.
Ocular lesions are uncommonly reported and described in invertebrate species. In this study, cases from 2 diagnostic laboratories, in which lesions were noted in 33 diagnostic specimens from various species of cephalopods, including octopuses, squid, nautiluses, and cuttlefish, were reviewed. Clinical information and gross lesions were described in a minority of cases. The most common lesion was inflammation of varying severity and was most commonly within the anterior uvea (iris and ciliary papilla), followed by the posterior chamber and lens. More than half of the cases with inflammation had concurrent hyperplastic lesions of the iris and ciliary papilla, including posterior iris epithelial hyperplasia, cystic adenomatous hyperplasia, and/or posterior epithelial cysts. The most common clinical observation was cloudy eyes, which correlated histologically to anterior uveitis in all cases where it was documented. Dermatitis and cutaneous ulceration were the most frequent comorbidities in cases where clinical information was available.
A cerebral tumor was identified in an adult female domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). On gross examination, the cut surface of the cerebrum revealed a poorly circumscribed, pale tan soft mass within the thalamus and midbrain. On histologic examination, there was an unencapsulated, multilobulated neoplasm composed of spindle cells on a loose fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells had variably distinct cell borders, abundant fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, and 1-2 distinct nucleoli. There was moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis with ,1 mitoses per 2.37 mm 2 . The morphologic features of the neoplastic cells were consistent with an astrocytic neoplasm. PCR was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of brain tissue, which was negative for subgroup A avian leukosis virus. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a presumed spontaneous astrocytoma.RESUMEN. Reporte de caso -Presunto astrocitoma esponta ´neo en un pollo doméstico de traspatio. Se identificó un tumor cerebral en una gallina doméstica adulta (Gallus domesticus). En el examen macroscópico, la superficie de corte del cerebro reveló una masa blanda de color canela pa ´lido mal delimitada dentro del ta ´lamo y el mesencéfalo. En el examen histológico, había una neoplasia multilobulada no encapsulada compuesta de células fusiformes sobre un estroma fibrovascular laxo. Las células neopla ´sicas tenían bordes celulares diferenciados de forma variable, abundante citoplasma eosinofílico fibrilar, núcleos ovalados con cromatina finamente punteada y 1 o 2 nucléolos distintos. Había anisocitosis moderada y anisocariosis con ,1 mitosis por 2.37 mm 2 . Las características morfológicas de las células neopla ´sicas eran compatibles con una neoplasia astrocítica. Se realizó una PCR en secciones de tejido cerebral incluidas en parafina y fijadas con formalina, que resultó negativa para el virus de la leucosis aviar del subgrupo A. Con base en estos hallazgos, el tumor se diagnosticó como un presunto astrocitoma esponta ´neo.
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