A rat intratemporal crush injury resulted in approximately 15% facial motor nuclei cell loss compared to an intratemporal sham injury. An extratemporal crush injury did not lead to any significant facial motor nuclei cell loss. This might have future translational implications in humans with intratemporal facial nerve injuries.
An intratemporal crush of the facial nerve leads to significantly delayed functional recovery and decreased motor nerve conduction as compared to an extratemporal crush, indicating that the location of injury strongly influences the recovery outcome.
Thyroid nodules assessed with ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy are diagnosed as "suspicious" or "indeterminate" in 15%-20% of the cases. Typically, total thyroidectomy is performed in such cases; however, only 25%-50% are found to be cancerous upon final histopathologic analysis. Here we demonstrate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human thyroid as a potential intraoperative imaging tool for providing tissue assessment in real time during surgical procedures. Fresh excised tissue specimens from 28 patients undergoing thyroid surgery were imaged in the laboratory using a benchtop OCT system. Three-dimensional OCT images showed different microstructural features in normal, benign, and malignant thyroid tissues. A similar portable OCT system was then designed and constructed for use in the operating room, and intraoperative imaging of excised thyroid tissue from 6 patients was performed during the surgical procedure. The results demonstrate the potential of OCT to provide real-time imaging guidance during thyroid surgeries.
We describe a computer-assisted data collection system developed for a multicenter cohort study of American Indian and Alaska Native people. The study computer-assisted participant evaluation system or SCAPES is built around a central database server that controls a small private network with touch screen workstations. SCAPES encompasses the self-administered questionnaires, the keyboard-based stations for interviewer-administered questionnaires, a system for inputting medical measurements, and administrative tasks such as data exporting, backup and management. Elements of SCAPES hardware/network design, data storage, programming language, software choices, questionnaire programming including the programming of questionnaires administered using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), and participant identification/data security system are presented. Unique features of SCAPES are that data are promptly made available to participants in the form of health feedback; data can be quickly summarized for tribes for health monitoring and planning at the community level; and data are available to study investigators for analyses and scientific evaluation.
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