IRE ablation of locally advanced pancreatic tumors remains safe and in the appropriate patient who has undergone standard induction therapy for a minimum of 4 months can achieve greater local palliation and potential improved overall survival compared with standard chemoradiation-chemotherapy treatments. Validation of these early results will need to be validated in the current multi-institutional Phase 2 IDE study.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to acute renal ischemia is associated with high mortality and morbidity with few effective treatments. To elucidate potential novel therapeutic targets, the current study sought to characterize the acute serum, urinary and tissue biomarker response profiles to discrete durations of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced AKI in rats. At d0, rats underwent sham (n=4) or warm, bilateral renal I/R (n=8/group; 30’ or 40’ ischemia) surgery using our proprietary vascular clamp. Rats were single‐housed in metabolic cages for balance of study (24 or 48 hrs post‐reperfusion). In 24 hr intervals post‐reperfusion, urine volumes were determined and sampled, and serum was collected. Clinical chemistry and ELISAs were applied to urine and serum analyses. At endpoint, renal tissue was collected for analysis of mRNA expression (quantitated via Luminex) and ED1+ immunohistochemistry. I/R injury elicited perturbations in multiple indices of renal function compared to sham rats including increased renal mass, serum BUN and creatinine (30’: 4.1±1.2 fold; 40’: 10.8±1.5 fold at 48 hr), urinary protein:, albumin:, Kim‐1: (30’: 131.4 fold; 40’: 60.4 fold at 48 hr), and MCP‐1:creatinine (30’: 10.4 fold; 40’: 86.6 fold at 24 hr), and decreased creatinine clearance (30’: ‐76%; 40’: ‐95% at 48 hr),. I/R injury altered tissue mRNA expression of several biomarkers (pro‐inflammatory, pro‐fibrotic, pro‐ and anti‐oxidative stress, tissue remodeling, apoptosis, angiotensin II receptor, endothelin receptor) and increased renal macrophage infiltration. The biomarker expression profile was dependent on both ischemia and reperfusion durations. The distinct biomarker expression profiles of varying durations of renal I/R in rats can subsequently be utilized to define potential therapeutic targets and possible new AKI diagnostic markers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.