Even if Electrochemical Storage (ES) devices are nowadays commonly used in a wide range of applications of different power, one application cannot be clearly addressed by only one specific technology of ES. Moreover, operating conditions such as charge/discharge rates or ambient temperatures have a huge influence on both ES real-time performance and lifetime. In this article, a new indicator of the energetic reserve, the State-of-Energy (SoE), is proposed to deal with modern Battery Management Systems (BMS) attendees: easy-to-implement, reliable given the operating conditions, using the power as a direct input parameter to manage the battery reserve. After a complete description of the SoE and the experimental characterization procedures, the paper presents some detailed examples of the SoE applications like storage technology comparison, smoothing of solar or wind production and finally on-line forecasting in advanced applications such as smart grids or electrical vehicle.Electrochemical Storage (ES) devices are now available in all fields of our daily lives, from portable electronic devices to health implants, in households for autonomous power supply, rural electrification, satellites for telecommunications and aerospace, defense and military applications. In particular, in the few past decades, ES devices have become a huge factor of development for intermittent renewable energies, for electric and hybrid vehicles and also for smart grids. 1,2 Electrochemical storage is thus one field within which the technologies are making constant progress to match the needs of the applications. Nowadays, storage systems provide a wide range of energy, power and cycling resistance ability, necessarily involving a wide diversity of packaging, assembling and materials. ES devices can now match applications from a few mWh to several MWh. 3 Today, as systems require more and more intelligence, predictability, precision and accuracy (e.g. electric vehicles and smartgrids), improvements have to be made to develop energetic models of ES that -are easy-to-implement, -use the power as a direct parameter of control, -have an acceptable reliability given the operating conditions, -can be easily upgraded during the lifetime.In the first section, the authors underline the mismatch of usual modeling approaches, mainly based on a double modeling of the capacity and the voltage, and the real needs for Energy Demand Size (EDS) and Energy Management Systems (EMS). The second section presents the State-of-Energy (SoE), as an indicator designed to address these requirements. In particular, the characterization procedures used to parameterize this SoE indicator are detailed. The third section describes how to operate this indicator in an easy-to-implement algorithm that is able to forecast the available energy for any power and temperature conditions. Dynamic Stress Tests (DST), with several severities operated, allowed the validation of this methodology, with an error inferior to +/− 3%, on commercially-available Li-ion batteries. Finally, th...
One simple question always obsesses any designer of an energetic system using electrochemical storage: is the battery able to deliver or absorb the requested power during the requested duration? Even nowadays, the battery's available reserve is considered in terms of quantity of charge (or capacity) Thus, intermediate stages are necessary to get to its energetic and power reserves. The general approach to evaluate a battery's energetic reserve consists into two modeling. One model describes the remaining capacity while the second describes its voltage variations. This global approach makes the final modeling complex and moreover it brings up multiple sources of error. We propose a new approach that allows a direct determination of battery's power and energetic performances directly from a power solicitation profile. It is based on a new criterion: the SOE as for State-Of-Energy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.