Sixty four (7-8 weeks old) crossbred male and female rabbits weighing between 700 and 800g were used to determine the effect of inclusion of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on growth, economic benefits and reproductive performance of rabbits. The rabbits on sex basis were randomly allotted to diets containing four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of turmeric powder as a supplement in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. Data were collected on growth performance and economic benefits. Reproductive, At 20 weeks old, 24 rabbits comprising of 8 bucks and 16 does along dietary treatment were used for reproductive performance evaluation in mating ratio of 1:2 per treatment. Data were collected on gestation length, litter size, birth weight and weaning weight. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA. Highest (p<0.05) weight gain (700.71g) was obtained with rabbits fed diet containing 1.0% turmeric supplement. Daily feed intake was (p<0.05) highest (113.76g) within rabbits on 1.5% turmeric supplement while the least (99.48g) was recorded with rabbits fed diets containing 0.5% inclusion. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) on feed conversion ratio of the rabbits.. Litter size was (p<0.05) highest (5.25) with rabbit fed 1.0% turmeric inclusion while least (3.00) was recorded with 1.5% turmeric inclusion. Litter weight at kindling was also significantly (p<0.05) highest (147.25g) with rabbits fed 1.0% turmeric inclusion. No significant (p>0.05) difference was recorded on gestation length, litter size at weaning and weaning weight. The study concluded that turmeric inclusion had no detrimental effect of growth performance of rabbits. However, 1.0% supplement appeared as economic inclusion level for weight gain, efficient feed utilization, optimum profit, economic benefit, litter size and litter weight at kindling in rabbit production enterprise.
Increasing trend in the transportation of unprocessed reservoir fluid from assets located in remote locations and the drive towards maximising existing facilities and optimising production has encouraged many deepwater operators in the use of long subsea tiebacks. However, the main challenges associated with unprocessed multiphase fluid flow in long subsea pipelines relate to constantly changing patterns and the likelihood of the suspended particles to settle out of flow and deposit in the transfer pipeline causing partial or complete blockage. Flow pattern transition is therefore a critical factor that must be accounted for in any particle transport models. However, current particle transport models do not account for these critical factors; besides the experimental data on which these models were validated are limited. Therefore they are often unreliable when subjected to varying operating conditions. In this paper preliminary minimum transport velocity (MTV) models developed for rolling and suspended particles under different flow patterns are presented. The concept of particle velocity profile provided the basis on which the models were developed. Further work is planned to acquire large experimental data for the purpose of validating these proposed models. The problem has been largely attributed to insufficient flow velocity among other parameters required to keep the solids in suspension and prevent them from depositing in the pipe. Additional complexities are introduced because of different flow regimes that occur within the pipe flow depending on the gas and liquid flow rates. The development of minimum transport velocity models for suspension and rolling based on the concept of particle velocity profiles is a significant breakthrough in particle transport in multiphase flow. This has the potential to solve problems of pipe & equipment sizing, risk of sand deposition & bed formation, elimination of costs of sand unloading, downtime and generally improve sand management strategies.
Thirty-two (7-8 weeks old) male rabbits that weighed between 700 and 800 g were used to determine the effect of inclusion of Turmeric powder on carcass yield and intestinal morphology of rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets containing varying levels of turmeric powder (0, 5, 10 and 15 g) in a complete randomized design. Data were collected on carcass yield, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and analyzed using ANOVA. Significant (p<0.05) differences were obtained on bled and eviscerated weights, forelimbs, hind limbs, neck, tail and loin. Highest (p<0.05) duodenum crypt depth (111.50 μm) was obtained with buck fed diet containing 15 g turmeric inclusion while buck fed with diet containing 0 g turmeric had the least value of (67.67 μm). This was similar (p>0.05) with values obtained for buck fed diets containing 5 g turmeric (73.83 μm) and those fed with 10 g turmeric inclusion (79.33 μm). There was significant difference (P<0.05) of rabbit fed with diets with turmeric on jejunum villi height. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in jejunum crypt depth and mucosal thickness. However, 10 g inclusion could be assumed as economic inclusion level for carcass yield and intestinal increase in rabbit production.
A thirteen-week experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sex and strain on the haematological and serum biochemical indices of two indigenous chicken strains (FUNAAB Alpha and Yoruba ecotype) in the African subtropics. One hundred and twenty chickens comprising thirty (30) each of FUNAAB Alpha males, FUNAAB Alpha females, Yoruba ecotype males and Yoruba ecotype females were assigned to four treatments consisting of three replicates of ten (10) chickens each, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design. Data collected were analyzed for simple descriptive and inferential statistics using SAS. Significantly (p<0.05) higher white blood count (13.55 g/100ml) was observed with the FUNAAB Alpha compared with 10.10 g/100ml of the Yoruba ecotype chicken strain. Both the mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular haemoglobin were higher (p<0.05) in the Yoruba ecotype than FUNAAB Alpha. Similarly, glucose and phosphorus values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in FUNAAB Alpha than the Yoruba ecotype. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and calcium concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the Yoruba ecotype than FUNAAB Alpha. The males of Yoruba ecotype recorded higher volume of white blood count while FUNAAB Alpha females recorded higher concentration of Heterophil than their male counterparts. The values of glucose, total protein, globulin and uric acid were observed higher in female than male chickens. The study showed that strain and sex had significant effects on both haematological and serum biochemical indices of tropical indigenous chickens. Une expérience de treize semaines a été menée pour déterminer l'effet du sexe et de la tension sur les indices biochimiques hématologiques et sériques de deux souches indigènes de poulet (FUNAAB Alpha et Yoruba ecotype) dans les sous-tropiques africains. Cent vingt poulets comprenant trente (30) mâles FUNAAB Alpha, des femelles FUNAAB Alpha, des mâles ecotypes Yoruba et des femelles ecotypes Yoruba ont été affectés à quatre traitements composés de trois répliques de dix (10) poulets chacun, dans un arrangement factorial de 2 x 2 d'une conception complètement randomisée. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles simples à l'aide du SAS. Significativement (p<0.05) le compte plus élevé de sang blanc (13.55 g/100ml) a été observé avec le FUNAAB Alpha comparé à 10.10 g/100ml de la souche de poulet d'ecotype de Yoruba. Le volume corpusculaire moyen et l'hémoglobine corpusculaire étaient plus élevés (p<0.05) dans l'ecotype de Yoruba que FUNAAB Alpha. De même, les valeurs de glucose et de phosphore étaient significativement (p<0.05) plus élevées dans FUNAAB Alpha que l'écotype de Yoruba. L'aspartate aminotransferase (AST), l'Alanine aminotransferase (le 'ALT') et les concentrations de calcium étaient significativement plus élevées (p<0.05) dans l'ecotype de Yoruba que FUNAAB Alpha. Les mâles de l'ecotype de Yoruba ont enregistré un volume plus élevé de sang blanc, tandis que les femelles FUNAAB Alpha ont enregistré une concentration plus élevée d'hétérophiles que leurs homologues masculins. Les valeurs du glucose, de la protéine totale, de la globuline et de l'acide urique ont été observées plus élevées chez les poulets femelles que chez les poulets mâles. L'étude a montré que la tension et le sexe avaient des effets significatifs sur les indices biochimiques hématologiques et sériques des poulets indigènes tropicaux.
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