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Phenolics extracted from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth) bran were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The bioactivity of the phenolic extracts was evaluated, such as the antioxidant activity, and the inhibition capacity on the growth of cancer cells. The molecular mechanism for the inhibitive effect on cancer cells was explored. Results indicated that tartary buckwheat bran phenolics mainly exist in a free form, and free phenolics were twice as abundant as bound phenolics. Free caffeic acid (119.75 μg per 100 mg DW) and bound rutin (51.66 μg per 100 mg DW) represented the main free and bound phenolic compounds, respectively. The free phenolic extract contributed to the major (>90%) antioxidant activities including the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). The free phenolic extract exhibited anticancer activity for human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This significant inhibition effect was achieved through the p38/MAP kinase pathway by inducing cell apoptosis (up-regulating p-p38 and p-ASK1 expressions and down-regulating TRAF2 and p-p53 expressions), and negatively regulating the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 to S phase (increased expression of p21 and suppressed expressions of PCNA, cyclin D1 and CDK4). All these results indicated that tartary buckwheat bran could be a rich resource of natural antioxidants and inhibitors for the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells.

ObjectiveMost evidence comes from studies show that ambient ozone(O3) pollution has become a big issue in China. Few studies have investigated the impact of ozone spatiotemporal patterns on respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Nanchang city. Thus, this study aimed to explore the health effect of ozone exposure on respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province.MethodsUsing the daily mortality data, atmospheric routine monitoring data and meteorological data in Nanchang from 2014 to 2020, we performed a generalized additive model (GAM) based on the poisson distribution in which time-series analysis to calculate the risk correlation between respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality and ozone exposure level (8h average ozone concentration, O3-8h). Besides, analyses were also stratified by season, age and sex.ResultsIn the single-pollutant model, for every 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone, respiratory mortality increased 1.04% with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.04 and 1.68%, and cardiovascular mortality increased 1.26% (95%CI: 0.68 ~ 1.83%). In the multi-day moving average lag model, the mortality of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases reached a relative risk peak on the cumulative lag5 (1.77%,95%CI: 0.99 ~ 2.57%) and the cumulative lag3 (1.68%,95%CI: 0.93 ~ 2.45%), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Results of the stratified analyses showed the effect value of respiratory mortality in people aged ≥65 years was higher than aged <65 years, whereas the greatest effect of cardiovascular mortality in people aged <65 years than aged ≥65 years. Ozone had a more profound impact on females than males in respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In winter and spring, ozone had a obvious impact on respiratory mortality, and effects of ozone pollution on cardiovascular mortality were stronger in summer and winter. There was a statistically significant difference of respiratory mortality in winter and spring and of cardiovascular mortality in summer and winter (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the long run, the more extreme the pollution of ozone exposure, the higher the health risk of residents' respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, the government should play an important role in the prevention and control ways of decreasing and eliminating the ozone pollution to protect the resident's health. The findings provide valuable data for further scientific research and improving environmental policies in Nanchang city.

This study aims at measuring the moisture transformation and distribution of Tricholoma matsutake (T. matsutake) during the hot-air drying process, to provide theoretical guidance for drying optimization of T. matsutake. Pileus and stipe of T. matsutake were dried at 55 8C for 14 hr. During the hot-air drying, spin-spin relaxation measurements and magnetic resonance image were used to determine the water composition and the moisture transformation, respectively. Results showed that three categories of moisture including free, immobilized, and bound water were presented in T. matsutake. During the drying process, the immobilized water was the major, free and immobilized water were active, while bound water was stable. The measurements of moisture transformation and distribution in T. matsutake by low field nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that hot-air drying was an inhomogeneous drying process. Practical applicationsT. matsutake is rich of nutritional and bioactive compounds. The fresh T. matsutake contains large amount of water, therefore, the dehydration process is essential for the preservation of T. matsutake. Hot-air drying has been widely used in food preservation. Moisture content and states are key parameters affecting the quality of dehydrated foods. However, no data have shown the dynamics of moisture transformation and distribution of T. matsutake during the hot-air drying process. This study aims at measuring the profiles of moisture during hot-air drying by low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and NMR proton density imaging, which could help to optimization the drying of T. matsutake or other edible fungi.