In this study, a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-infected mouse periodontitis model was used to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on differentiation and maturation of cultured osteoclast. Four-week-old C57BL/6JJcl mice were divided into four groups according to the diets they were fed from the beginning of the experiment (i.e., food containing omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids) and whether they were orally administered P.g. Thirty-three days after beginning the experiment, bone marrow cells were sampled from the femoral bone of mice from each group and differentiated into osteoclasts; the effects of the ingestion of different fatty acids were subsequently investigated. There was no statistical interaction between the different fatty acids and P.g. infection on the number of osteoclasts (P = 0.6). However, the fatty acid type affected the number of osteoclasts in mice (P = 0.0013), with the omega-3 groups demonstrating lower osteoclast numbers than the omega-6 groups. Furthermore, the addition of resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is an omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator, suppressed the differentiation of mouse cultured osteoclasts (P < 0.0001). Therefore, the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids may suppress osteoclast differentiation while inhibiting bone resorption and tissue destruction due to periodontitis.
Dental materials are inevitably contaminated with oral microorganisms. To prevent transmission of infectious diseases, impressions need to be disinfected. In the present study, we examined the disinfection effects on impression materials and biofilm removal by sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC) . Exponentially growing Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and dental plaque bacteria were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and exposed for 1, 5 and 10 min to 1 mL of the 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1,000 ppm, and 10,000 ppm SDIC solutions. The bactericidal effect was evaluated by colony forming units of each microorganisms. Moreover, the effect of SDIC solution on S. mutans biofilm was examined. Bactericidal effects of SDIC solutions on oral bacteria on dental impression surfaces were assessed and the surface quality of dental casts after immersion in SDIC solution for 30 min was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The number of all bacterial strains, including plaque bacteria, were significantly decreased by SDIC solution treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Significant S. mutans biofilm removing activity of SDIC was observed in 1,000 and 10,000 ppm solution. The number of oral bacteria adhering to the surfaces of impressions markedly decreased following 10-min immersion in the 1,000 ppm SDIC solution. The 30-min immersion of dental impression in the 1,000 ppm SDIC solution did not adversely affect the surface roughness of dental casts. The results indicate that SDIC Solution is useful to deactivate oral bacteria on dental impression.
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen and has a high detection rate in periodontal disease. Fimbriae and hemagglutinin are expressed by P. gingivalis, and these play an important role in the adherence of the bacteria to periodontal tissue and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sub‐minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub‐MICs) of azithromycin on the adherence of P. gingivalis, focusing on the inhibition of fimbriae expression and hemagglutinin activity. Methods P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were incubated anaerobically with sub‐MICs of azithromycin at 37°C by gentle shaking for 18 hours. The bacterial cells were harvested, washed twice with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), and the proteins analyzed by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blotting. Adherence assay and hemagglutinin activity tests were done with the same culture. Results The results of SDS‐PAGE indicated that the sub‐MICs of azithromycin inhibited 41‐kDa fimbrial protein expression and hemagglutinin activities. The disappearance of 41‐kDa fimbrial protein expression and long fimbriae in 0.4 µg/mL, 0.2 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL of azithromycin was confirmed by western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. The adherence of P. gingivalis to human gingival epithelial cells was reduced by sub‐MICs of azithromycin compared with the adherence levels without antibiotic. Conclusions These results suggest that sub‐MICs of azithromycin may reduce the adherence of P. gingivalis to host cells, by inhibiting production of fimbriae and hemagglutinin activities. Therefore, azithromycin can be used as a biofilm treatment of periodontal disease caused by P. gingivalis.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted at the United Nations Summit in 2015 have been attracting attention owing to the current environmental challenges. These SDGs were established by the 193 member countries of the United Nations to be achieved between 2016 and 2030. They consist of 17 goals, including waste reduction, environmental protection, and technological innovation, and 169 targets. Goal 12 of the SDGs, "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns," lists waste management and reduction as targets. Each country and company consider and proactively tackle environmental issues based on their sociocultural background [1-3]. Globally, plastic bag charges are being introduced as a mea-sure to combat plastic waste, and the reduction in disposable plastic products is a major goal [4]. Furthermore, alginate, silicone impression material, and gypsum used in dental care are classified as industrial waste in Japan.In recent years, digital technology has been widely adopted in dentistry, enabling dentists to provide better treatment to their patients. Prosthodontic treatment is increasingly performed using intraoral scanners (IOS), computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems, and 3D printers [5][6][7]. The use of a digital workflow could help reduce the use of alginate and silicone materials conventionally used for making impressions. Two types of 3D printers can replace plaster models: stereolithography apparatus (SLA) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers. Most 3D printers used in dentistry are based on SLA [8,9] because they are considered to confer better accuracy to the finished product [10][11][12]. However, similar to the plaster models, the resin models prepared using this printer were discarded after use. As polylactic J Prosthodont Res. 2022; **(**):
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