The aim of this work was to investigate
the influence of morphology
on its electrochemical properties by comparing ZnO nanostructures
in the forms of tetrapods of different sizes, nanorods, and nanoparticles.
ZnO tetrapods were prepared by the combustion method and separated
into two fractions by size, ruling out the influence of synthesis
conditions. Structural and morphological properties of different ZnO
nanostructure morphologies were identified by using various characterization
techniques: scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and
TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption
measurements at 77 K, and UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis).
Analysis of electrochemical properties showed the highest active surface
area of 0.095 cm2 and the lowest peak separation value
of 61.7 mV for large ZnO tetrapods, which are close to the theoretical
values. The correlation between the pore size in different ZnO nanostructures
because of packing and their electrochemical properties is established.
We expect that the detailed analysis of ZnO nanostructures conducted
in this study will be advantageous for future electrochemical and
biosensing applications of these materials.
A highly sensitive interdigitated electrode (IDE) with vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube forests directly grown on conductive supports was demonstrated by combining UV lithography and a low temperature chemical vapor deposition process (470 °C). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of K4[Fe(CN)6] showed that the redox current of the IDE with CNT forests (CNTF-IDE) reached the steady state much more quickly compared to that of conventional gold IDE (Au-IDE). The performance of the CNTF-IDE largely depended on the geometry of the electrodes (e.g. width and gap). With the optimum three-dimensional electrode structure, the anodic current was amplified by a factor of ∼18 and ∼67 in the CV and the chronoamperometry measurements, respectively. The collection efficiency, defined as the ratio of the cathodic current to the anodic current at steady state, was improved up to 97.3%. The selective detection of dopamine (DA) under the coexistence of l-ascorbic acid with high concentration (100 μM) was achieved with a linear range of 100 nM-100 μM, a sensitivity of 14.3 mA mol-1 L, and a limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 42 nM. Compared to the conventional carbon electrodes, the CNTF-IDE showed superior anti-fouling property, which is of significant importance for practical applications, with a negligible shift of the half-wave potential (ΔE1/2 < 1.4 mV) for repeated CV measurements of DA at high concentration (100 μM).
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