In three-dimensional matrices, tumor cells can move with either an elongated/mesenchymal or a round/amoeboid morphology. This study identifies FilGAP, a Rac GTPase-activating protein (GAP), as a mediator of Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase–dependent amoeboid movement of carcinoma cells. FilGAP may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis by controlling the amoeboid mode of movement.
Monoclinic lithium metatitanate, β-Li 2 TiO 3 , is a member of the Li 2 MO 3 (M = Ti, Mn, Sn, Ru, and/or Ir) series and an important cation conductor for various energy applications such as Li-ion batteries and nuclear fusion reactors. Comprehensive knowledge of the crystal structure is vital to understand the Li-ion diffusion mechanism, and several possibilities were proposed previously. However, the exact crystal structure and Li-ion diffusion paths of β-Li 2 TiO 3 are still unclear. Here, the results of a neutron diffraction study of high-purity 7 Li-enriched β-Li 2 TiO 3 are reported. The occupancy factor 0.033(3) and the atomic coordinates of the interstitial Li ion in the Li−O layer are successfully refined by Rietveld analysis of the time-of-flight neutron diffraction data. The three-dimensional network of Li-ion diffusion pathways is visualized by a combined technique of high-temperature neutron-diffraction and maximum-entropy methods. An interstitialcy diffusion mechanism, in which a lithium ion migrates through both the interstitial tetrahedral and lattice octahedral sites, is proposed for the Li 2 MO 3 series.
Overbonding of the channel oxygens in the apatite-type lanthanum silicates was found to be a key for the high oxide-ion conductivities by the present single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction studies.
Oxynitrides are promising visible‐light‐responsive photocatalysts, but their structures are almost confined with three‐dimensional (3D) structures such as perovskites. A phase‐pure Li2LaTa2O6N with a layered perovskite structure was successfully prepared by thermal ammonolysis of a lithium‐rich oxide precursor. Li2LaTa2O6N exhibited high crystallinity and visible‐light absorption up to 500 nm. As opposed to well‐known 3D oxynitride perovskites, Li2LaTa2O6N supported by a binuclear RuII complex was capable of stably and selectively converting CO2 into formate under visible light (λ>400 nm). Transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that, as compared to 3D oxynitrides, Li2LaTa2O6N possesses a lower density of mid‐gap states that work as recombination centers of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, but a higher density of reactive electrons, which is responsible for the higher photocatalytic performance of this layered oxynitride.
Two-dimensional (2D) layered oxynitrides are promising candidates as visible-light-driven photocatalysts, but the actual examples are rare because of the difficulty in synthesizing the 2D oxynitrides. Here a phase-pure layered perovskite, Rb 2 NdNb 2 O 6 N•H 2 O, that belongs to a tetragonal P4/mmm space group was successfully synthesized by thermal ammonolysis of a mixture of layered RbNdNb 2 O 7 and Rb 2 CO 3 , as revealed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and atomicscale electron microscopy observation. The synthesized Rb 2 NdNb 2 O 6 N• H 2 O had an absorption edge at around 500 nm and a sufficiently high conduction-band potential to allow for proton reduction. With modification by a platinum cocatalyst, Rb 2 NdNb 2 O 6 N•H 2 O became photocatalytically active for H 2 evolution in the presence of triethanolamine as an electron donor under visible light (λ > 400 nm).
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