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Summary:The location and course of the mandibular canal and multiple mental foramina are important in dental implant insertion and any surgical procedures involving the mandible. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess buccal foramen presence in the mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.A total of 84 patients were enrolled in this investigation. Buccal foramen presence in the mandibular body, which was defined as a buccal bone defect of the bony canal penetrating through the buccal cortical bone, was assessed using two-and three-dimensional CBCT images.Buccal foramen presence, located from the median to molar regions, was observed in 44% of patients. There was no significant difference among gender and age. Also, a buccal foramen showing continuity with the mandibular canal was observed in 7.1% of patients.Buccal foramen presence in the mandibular body could be assessed in detail using CBCT images.

The location and configuration of the mandibular canal are important in surgical procedures involving the mandible. Previously, we reported that bifid mandibular canals could be classified into four types: retromolar, dental, forward, and bucco-lingual canals, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Herein we report three Japanese patients with a bony canal in the mandibular ramus, which was independent of the mandibular canal, using CBCT images. A CBCT unit with a flat panel detector and exposure volume of 102 mm in diameter and 102 mm in height was used. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images in the mandibular ramus region were reconstructed using 3D visualization and measurement software packages. Three bony canals in two patients were considered to correspond to a temporal crest canal, which was raised from the mandibular notch, and reached the antero-inferior region of the coronoid process. One bony canal in one patient, ran bucco-lingually in the mandibular ramus. It is important for variations in the mandibular and bony canals to be carefully observed, by use of CBCT images, in surgical procedures involving the mandible.

Maxillary sinus septa and exostoses could be clarified regarding their relationship with the bony palate using cone-beam CT.

Approximately half of the accessory mental foramina-positive CBCT images demonstrated the accessory mental foramen, or bony canal between the point of bifurcation from the mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen on rotational panoramic radiographs.

Summary: Maxillary sinus septa and bony bridges were observed using dry skulls in childhood, classified based on Hellman's dental age, to clarify maxillary sinus septum formation.Eighty-eight maxillary sinuses of 44 dry skulls and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit were used. The locations of the septum, defined as a pointed bony structure originating from the inferior wall, and bony bridge, defined as a bony structure between the maxillary sinus wall and dental germ, were antero-posteriorly recorded, and the superoinferior distance, distance from the bony palate, and angle to the median palatine suture were measured.The rate of septum presence in the maxillary sinus was high (41.7%) in IIIC, and the septa were located in the deciduous molars, premolars, and molars. Also, all bony bridges were related to the median maxillary sinus wall, and the rate of the maxillary sinus showing a bony bridge was high in IIA and IIIA.

Fed-batch cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 harboring expression plasmid pTRLBT1 or pTREBT1, with acetate concentration monitoring, are investigated to obtain high cell density and large amounts of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). The expression plasmid pTRlBT1 contains a synthetic hEGF gene attached downstream of the N-terminal fragment of the trp L gene preceded by the trp promoter. The expression plasmid pTREBT1 contains the same coding sequence attached downstream of the N-terminal fragment of the trp E gene preceded by the trp promoter, trp L gene, and attenuator region. E. coli harboring pTREBT1 produces 0.56 mg/L hEGE and immediately degrades it. On the other hand E. coli harboring pTRLBT1 produces 6.8 mg/L hEGF and does not decompose it. Prominent inclusion bodies are observed in E. coli cells harboring pTRLBT1 using an election microscope. To Cultivate E. coli harboring pTRLBT1, a fed-batch culture system, divided into a cell growth step and an hEGF production step, is carried out. The cells grow smoothly without acetate-induced inhibition. Cell concentration and hEGF quantity reach the high values of 21 g/L and 60 mg/L, respectively.