IntroductionThis study clarifies the trends observed in open access (OA) in the biomedical field between 2006 and 2010, and explores the possible explanations for the differences in OA rates revealed in recent surveys.MethodsThe study consists of a main survey and two supplementary surveys. In the main survey, a manual Google search was performed to investigate whether full-text versions of articles from PubMed were freely available. Target samples were articles published in 2005, 2007, and 2009; the searches were performed a year after publication in 2006, 2008, and 2010, respectively. Using the search results, we classified the OA provision methods into seven categories. The supplementary surveys calculated the OA rate using two search functions on PubMed: “LinkOut” and “Limits.”ResultsThe main survey concluded that the OA rate increased significantly between 2006 and 2010: the OA rate in 2010 (50.2%) was twice that in 2006 (26.3%). Furthermore, majority of OA articles were available from OA journal (OAJ) websites, indicating that OAJs have consistently been a significant contributor to OA throughout the period. OA availability through the PubMed Central (PMC) repository also increased significantly. OA rates obtained from two supplementary surveys were lower than those found in the main survey. “LinkOut” could find only 40% of OA articles in the main survey.DiscussionOA articles in the biomedical field have more than a 50% share. OA has been achieved through OAJs. The reason why the OA rates in our surveys are different from those in recent surveys seems to be the difference in sampling methods and verification procedures.
Aims-To assess the integrity of the ocular surface epithelium in patients with atopic dermatitis from the viewpoint of its barrier function. Methods-49 patients with atopic dermatitis with blepharoconjunctivitis (ABC group), 27 age matched patients with seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis (AC group), and 20 volunteers with normal healthy eyes (NH group) were assigned to this study. Ocular surface epithelium barrier function was evaluated by the fluorophotometric method using a slit lamp fluorophotometer. 3 µl of 0.5% sodium fluorescein was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye and fluorescein uptake (ng/ml) 30 minutes later (20 minutes after eye washing) was measured in the central cornea and the temporal bulbar conjunctiva. Fluorophoto metric measurements performed were analysed in each group and compared between the groups. Results-The ABC group showed significantly higher fluorescein uptake (mean 28.2 (SEM 3.3) ng/ml) in the cornea than the AC (11.4 (2.2), p=0.001) and NH groups (9.3 (2.1), p=0.001). There was no significant diVerence between the AC and NH groups (p=0.930). The ABC group also showed significantly higher fluorescein uptake in the bulbar conjunctiva (393.4 (54.0)) than the AC (182.9 (24.6), p=0.011) and NH groups (169.3 (29.1), p=0.012). There was also no significant diVerence in fluorescein uptake between the AC group and the NH group (p=0.987). Conclusion-This study suggested that ocular surface epithelium barrier function is impaired in patients with atopic dermatitis with blepharoconjunctivitis.
Data sharing has been emphasized in scientific research in the era of open science; however, the concept of data sharing is ambiguous, and the real situation of data sharing is unclear. One reason is that most studies focused on researchers' recognition, motivation, and other contributing factors and did not thoroughly discuss the actual practice of data sharing for preparing research articles. To explicitly understand the current status of data sharing, the authors considered and investigated primary reuse, data integration, and data release distinctively as the actual practices of data sharing. A total of 237 articles published in 2018 and registered in the Web of Science global citation database were manually checked. Unlike the scarcity of data reuse (8.0%) or data release (5.1%), existing data were most frequently reused in the form of data integration (20.7%). The result implies that further studies on detailed data reuse are required to clarify the concept of data sharing.
This study was designed to document the state of open access (OA) in the biomedical field in 2009. PubMed was used to collect bibliographic data on target articles published in 2009. Google and PubMed were then used to establish the availability of free full‐text online versions for these articles. Articles were analyzed according to the type of OA to provide insight into the characteristics of OA. The main finding was that almost half of the articles were accessible as OA articles, indicating that OA has progressed rapidly since our previous surveys reported for 2005 and 2007. More than half of the OA articles in the biomedical field are provided by Open Access Journals, the so‐called ‘Gold Road’. PubMed Central is used for journal publishers to archive their contents freely. The percentage of OA articles accessible via institutional repositories (IR) and authors' websites, or the ‘Green Road’, has consistently remained low.
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