Age-related alterations and differences of weights and those of amino acid concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated between Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats from eight to twenty weeks of age. The weights of SD rats were heavier than WKY rats at all ages. The age-related alterations of the CSF concentration of many amino acids within each strain were significant but showed no significant trend with age. Between the strains, the concentration differences of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids were not frequent although the concentrations of arginine, alanine and threonine were significantly higher in SD rats than in WKY rats. These results suggest that the different CSF concentrations of amino acids may relate to characteristics of rat strains. Key words: amino acid, cerebrospinal fluid, rat age-related alterations of amino acids in CNS are still unknown.We selected Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats as models because they exhibit different memory capabilities and stress sensitivities [7,9,10,13], and we evaluated the differences and the age-related alterations of amino acid concentrations in CSF.Ten males each of SD rats purchased from Japan SLC Inc., Shizuoka, Japan and WKY rats reproduce in our institute were used in this experiment. They were bred in the Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University School of Medicine, and were maintained under controlled conditions (temperature 23 ± 0.5°C; humid-
Rapid anesthesia induction obtained with combined administration of midazolam and vecuronium followed by a low dose of thiamylal was studied in 300 patients. The patients were divided into three groups (100 patients, each). Group 1 received midazolam 3mg and vecuronium 3mg, group 2 received midazolam 4mg and vecuronium 4mg, and group 3 received midazolam 5 mg and vecuronium 5mg. All patients were administered thiamylal 125mg. Bucking reaction at the time of endotracheal intubation occurred in 39% of group 1, 34% of group 2 and 15% of group 3. Flumazenil was required for reversal of midazolaminduced postoperative hypnosis in 9% in group 1, 11% in group 2 and 16% in group 3. Blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly changed during induction of anesthesia, although the changes were within 20mmHg and 20bpm, respectively. From these findings, combined administration of midazolam and vecuronium (especially midazolam 4mg and vecuronium 4mg) and subsequent administration of a low dose of thiobarbiturate is suggested to be a reliable technique for rapid and safe induction, regardless of the patient's body weight and age.
few days preoperatively. The patients did not develop postoperative bleeding at all. In the case of hemostatic disorder, the diagnosis of coagulopathy as well as control of the hemostasis is still important in preoperative anesthetic management.
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