The distortion of laser welded titanium plates was assessed for different operating conditions of the laser welding device, and with different welding parameters (in terms of weld point and prewelding). In this study, Nd: YAG laser welding device was used to join the titanium plates.The results showed that distortion increased stepwise after each welding point along the welding zone (one-side welding), but decreased consecutively as the welding proceeded on the second side of the weld (two-side welding).In the case of one-side welding, the dependence of distortion on current and spot diameter presented maxima -due to changes in the welding pool characteristics.For two-side weld the same parameters exercised little influence on its distortion recovery, due to the effect of solidified weld pools from the first side. Current and spot diameter determined the weld pool, which in turn regulated distortion based on shrinkage. Four-point prewelding significantly decreased the final distortion for both one-and two-side welds. Alternating two-side welding of prewelded assembly showed lower distortion than a classic two-side weld.
The performance of laser welding of Ti and two dental precious alloys (Ag-Pd-Au, Au-Pt-Ag) was investigated by mechanical testing and microscopic observation, using butt joint as design. The laser irradiation was done using a commercial Nd:YAG dental laser-welding device in a single pulse mode with output currents 150, 200, 250, 300 A, spot diameters 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mm, and pulse duration 10 ms. The average welding fracture strength of the dissimilar metals were 108.9 and 137.2 MPa for Ti and Ag-Pd-Au alloy, and Au-Pt-Ag alloy, respectively. The average welding fracture strength of the same metals were 594.9, 648.8 and 312.9 MPa for Ti, Ag-Pd-Au alloy and Au-Pt-Ag alloy. The hardness increased in weld zone, compared with the base metals. Penetration depths were affected by the welding conditions such as the output currents and spot diameters. The welding cracks and porosity were observed in microstructures of the welds. Mapping by EPMA showed the remarkable heterogeneity of the component metals concerned. The welding cracks, porosities and granular precipitates similar to metallic compounds in the weld zones were suggested as the cause for lower welding fracture strength in the dissimilar welds, compared with the similar metals.
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