In this study, authors propose direct focusing of repetitive high-power laser pulses on an arbitrary surface of the vehicle in atmosphere, in which a blast wave is generated at each pulse and pushes the vehicle on the surface inducing an impulse or thrust vector. A fundamental investigation was conducted on interaction of a focused high-power laser pulse, or blast wave, and the surface with arbitrary shape. Numerical simulation on characteristics of impulse, or thrust, vector generation on the surface was conducted. As the first step of the simulation, for simplicity, some fundamental shapes of the surface, or a vehicle, were assumed, which were planar and semicircular bodies, and shock-surface interactions were investigated. As results, a deeper convex vehicle showed largest vertical impulses, and a shallower convex vehicle showed smallest horizontal impulses. Nomenclature r = Model radius θ = Laser irradiation spot angle α = Nozzle angle t = Time
This paper proposes direct focusing of repetitive high-power laser pulses on an arbitrary surface of a vehicle in the atmosphere to generate a blast wave at each pulse and push the vehicle along an impulse or thrust vector. Fundamental research was conducted on the interaction between a focused high-power laser pulse or blast wave and a surface with arbitrary curvatures. The characteristics of the impulse or thrust vector generation on the surface were numerically simulated. For simplicity, some fundamental shapes of the surface or vehicle were assumed for the simulation (i.e., planar and semicircular bodies) to examine shock-surface interactions. The impulse vector characteristics were also investigated experimentally. The results showed that the composition of the impulse vector (or each component) reached about 90% of the total impulse in the initial 10 s. In this duration, a significant high-pressure region induced by the shockwave was localized near the laser irradiation spot; it acted on the surface vectors to induce a primary thrust. Based on these results, the directions of impulse vectors are primarily determined by the local surface vectors of the laser irradiation spots. Nomenclature r = Model radius t = Time = Nozzle angle = Laser irradiation spot angle
The JAXA’s Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) mission is planned to reveal the origin of Phobos and Deimos. Both moons will be observed by remote sensing. Sample return from Phobos will be performed. The nominal instruments were selected, including the telescopic nadir imager for geomorphology (TENGOO) and optical radiometer composed of chromatic imagers (OROCHI). The scientific objective of TENGOO is to obtain the geomorphological features of Phobos and Deimos. The spatial resolution of TENGOO is 0.3 m at an altitude of 25 km in the quasi-satellite orbit. The scientific objective of OROCHI is to obtain material distribution using spectral mapping. OROCHI is composed of seven wide-angle bandpass imagers without a filter wheel and one monochromatic imager dedicated to the observation during the landing phase. Using these two instruments, we plan to select landing sites and obtain information that supports the analysis of return samples.
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