Our data obtained with 2.64-mm HRM demonstrated that as the bolus volume is increased, the duration of lowered SP at the UES is prolonged. The higher maximum SP at the velopharynx in males versus females suggests that there may be a gender difference in pressure at the velopharynx that has not been described previously. This implies that it is necessary to take gender differences into consideration when evaluating the etiology of swallowing dysfunction by examining the SP and SP curve. Moreover, the thinner catheter is less invasive and may contribute to obtaining more physiological measurements.

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3b.

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