An environmentally-benign carbocatalyst based on amine-functionalized graphene oxide (AP-GO) was synthesized and characterized. This catalyst shows superior activity for the chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates at the atmospheric pressure. The developed carbocatalyst exhibits superior activity owing to its large surface area with abundant hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) capability and the presence of well-defined amine functional groups. The presence of various HBD and amine functional groups on the graphene oxide (GO) surface yields a synergistic effect for the activation of starting materials. Additionally, this catalyst shows high catalytic activity to synthesize carbonates at 70 °C and at 1 MPa CO2 pressure. The developed AP-GO could be easily recovered and used repetitively in up to seven recycle runs with unchanged catalyst activity.
The Immobilization of homogeneous metal catalysts onto the solid surface is an important challenge in the field of catalysis because these types of catalysts provide the homogeneous nature as well as reusability of catalysts. In this report, novel Palladium ion containing ionic liquid immobilized onto graphene oxide (Pd@GOIL) and characterized using various analytical techniques like FT‐IR, XPS, TGA, SEM, TEM, BET and EXAFS analysis. This synthesized material acts as a highly efficient catalyst for the alkoxycarbonylation, aminocarbonylation and phenoxycarbonylation reactions from easily available aryl iodides. Effect of various reaction parameters like CO pressure, base, solvent, the effect of time and temperature using Pd@GOIL catalyst were examined. This catalyst also tolerates the wide variety of substrates with the effective electronic factor. Specifically, this catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance towards the esterification and amidation without the need of any ligands, co‐catalysts and additives. Additionally, the catalyst shows superior recyclability up to eight recycle runs without discernible activity and selectivity deterioration.
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