2 The influence of cutting conditions on the chip formation during hard turning of martensitic AISI 440B stainless steel and microstructure of worn PCBN cutting tool using situ lift-out technique, observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) was experimentally studied. The increasing cutting speed affects the formation of shear, localized chips with rapid increase in chip velocity and degree of segmentation at cutting speeds higher than 200 m/min. The SEM and TEM study showed evidences of strong chemical affinity between the work material and PCBN tool. Fe from the work material was found in the vicinity of TiC and AlB grains of the tool with TiC having greater affinity for Fe.
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