A mathematical model of the normalLi‐LiAlCl4 , SOCl2‐C static cell with neutral electrolyte is presented. The model considers a whole prismatic cell consisting of negative electrode, separator, electrolyte reservoir, and positive electrode. Physical phenomena described are ohmic potential drop and diffusion potential in the electrolyte, changes in porosity and electrolyte composition due to electrochemical reactions, local reaction rates, and diffusion, convection, and migration of electrolyte. The theoretical results show the trends in behavior observed experimentally. The effects of state of charge, initial electrolyte composition, electrode thickness and porosity, and current density are presented, and factors that can limit cell performance are identified.

A mathematical model for a complete normalLi/SOCl2 static cell with acid electrolyte is presented. Concentrated solution theory is extended to account for the presence of two neutral species in the electrolyte. The effects of initial acid concentration, positive electrode thickness, and galvanostatic discharge rate on cell performance are elucidated. Results are compared with equivalent cells that use a neutral electrolyte.

A mathematical model is developed for an electrochemical cell in which a sparingly soluble product of an electrochemical reaction is precipitated. This model considers the time dependence and the position dependence of the system behavior and includes the interactions between multicomponent transport of electrolyte species in porous media and simultaneous chemical and electrochemical reaction kinetics. The model predicts that cell performance is sensitive to the magnitude of the effective rate constant for precipitation as a result of kinetic, thermodynamic, and morphological effects. In addition, the analysis indicates that local mass transport of the soluble reaction product between the electrode surface and the bulk electrolyte within a pore can influence cell behavior significantly but that redistribution of the dissolved species across a cell is usually unimportant. The calculations also suggest that a local voltage minimum can be obtained during discharge of a cell, depending on the relative rates of nucleation and growth of the solid product. Quantitative information on the precipitation of normalLiCl in a normalLi/SOCl2 static cell with acidic electrolyte is presented. As part of the analysis for this system, a consistent set of transport equations is developed for a concentrated mixture of two binary electrolytes in two neutral solvents.

This is a report of a 28‐day‐old male infant who had concommitant pigmented melanocytic nevi and meningeal melanosis. Pigment cells of the two lesions were observed by electron microscopy and compared with previous reports of nevus cell nevus, meningeal melanosis, meningeal melanocytoma and leptomeningeal malignant melanoma. Based on our findings, we have reached the following three conclusions: (1) Pigment cells in the nevus and meningeal melanosis in our case were similar in their cellular structures and their relationship to blood vessels and consistent with a neural crest origin for pigment cells; (2) Ultrastructural characteristics of the meningeal melanosis in our case were similar to those of the meningeal melanocytoma; (3) Pigment cells in meningeal melanosis have tumorous potential and may tend to cause malignant changes.

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