Manganese-based nanomaterials are an emerging new class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) that provide impressive contrast abilities. MRI CAs that can respond to pathophysiological parameters such as pH or redox potential are also highly in demand for MRI-guided tumor diagnosis. Until now, synthesizing nanomaterials with good biocompatibility, physiochemical stability, and good contrast effects remains a challenge. This study investigated two new systems of calcium/manganese cations complexed with either alginate−polydopamine or alginate−dopamine nanogels [AlgPDA(Ca/Mn) NG or AlgDA(Ca/Mn) NG]. Under such systems, Ca cations form ionic interactions via carboxylic acids of the Alg backbone to enhance the stability of the synthetic nanogels (NGs). Likewise, complexation of Mn cations also increased the colloidal stability of the synthetic NGs. The magnetic property of the prepared CAs was confirmed with superconducting quantum interference device measurements, proving the potential paramagnetic property. Hence, the T 1 relaxivity measurement showed that PDA-complexed synthetic NGs reveal a strong positive contrast enhancement with r 1 = 12.54 mM −1 •s −1 in 7.0 T MRI images, whereas DA-complexed synthetic NGs showed a relatively lower T 1 relaxivity effect with r 1 = 10.13 mM −1 •s −1 . In addition, both the synthetic NGs exhibit negligible cytotoxicity with >92% cell viability up to 0.25 mM concentration, when incubated with the mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and HeLa cells, and high biocompatibility under in vivo analysis. The in vivo MRI test indicates that the synthetic NG exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio for longer hours, which provides a longer image acquisition time for tumor and anatomical imaging. Furthermore, T 1 -weighted MRI results revealed that PEGylated AlgPDA(Ca/Mn) NGs significantly enhanced the signals from liver and tumor tissues. Therefore, owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo imagings, low cost, and one-pot synthesis method, the Mn-based biomimetic approach used in this study provides a promising and competitive alternative for noninvasive tumor detection and comprehensive anatomical diagnosis.
required for successful cancer metastasis are: detachment of cancer cells from the primary mass, invasion of the local host tissue stroma, penetration of local lymphatic and blood vessels, survival during circulation, arrest in the capillaries of other organs, formation of microemboli, extravasation, and proliferation within the organ parenchyma. [8][9][10][11] The main challenges for metastasis treatment are systemic complexity, therapeutic resistance, and difficulty in early diagnosis. [10] Currently, there are no medicines available to specifically prevent cancer cell metastasis, but the development of inhibitory agents that selectively suppress or block metastasis-associated mechanisms provide an alternative for metastatic treatments. [12,13] Anti-metastasis therapy mainly focuses on interrupting the metastatic cascade of tumor cells. Even if the types of therapy depend on the timing of diagnosis, the typical anti-metastasis strategies are designed to block the initiation of metastasis, intercept and eradicate circulating tumor cells, and limit the formation of tumor cell colonies at distant organs. [14] For instance, MMP inhibitors, the Axl kinase inhibitor R428, miR-10b antagonists, and the fascin inhibitor Migrastatin are used as anti-metastatic agents for impairing the initial dissemination events. However effective anti-metastatic therapeutic agents must be capable of destroying the proliferation and survival of already disseminated tumor cells, rather than only seeking to block the exit of these cells from the primary tumor. [8] Treatments that involve a targeted sustained release of chemotherapeutic agents are the most prevalent approach to cancer treatment and inhibition of tumor metastasis. [15] Studies on cancer research have investigated hydrogels, nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes for enhancing the efficacy of tumor treatment. Current studies on polymer-based tumor therapeutic systems focus on achieving the following goals: 1) providing anti-metastatic effects, 2) specific drug release in the tumor tissue, 3) enhanced antitumor efficacy, and 4) good biocompatibility and biodegradable properties of the nanoparticles. [16] Nevertheless, intravenous administration of therapeutic agents often leads to adverse systemic effects and rapid clearance from the circulating blood. Furthermore, frequent administration of anti-metastatic agents Injectable HydrogelsMetastasis is a pathogenic spread of cancer cells from the primary site to surrounding tissues and distant organs, making it one of the primary challenges for effective cancer treatment and the major cause of cancer mortality. Heparin-based biomaterials exhibit significant inhibition of cancer cell metastasis. In this study, a non-anticoagulate heparin prodrug is developed for metastasis treatment with a localized treatment system using temperature sensitive, injectable, and biodegradable (poly-(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-bpoly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) polymeric hydrogel. The drug molecule (heparin) is conjugated with th...
Integrating anticancer drugs and diagnostic agents in a polymer nanosystem is an emerging and promising strategy for improving cancer treatment. However, the development of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) for an "all-in-one" platform characterized by specific targeting, therapeutic efficiency, and imaging feedback remains an unmet clinical need. In this study, pH-responsive mixed-lanthanide-based multifunctional NPs were fabricated based on simple metal−ligand interactions for simultaneous cancer cell imaging and drug delivery. We investigated two new systems of alginate-polydopamine complexed with either terbium/europium or dysprosium/erbium oxide NPs (Tb/Eu@ AlgPDA or Dy/Er@AlgPDA NPs). Tb/Eu@AlgPDA NPs were then functionalized with the tumor-targeting ligand folic acid (FA) and loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to form FA-Tb/Eu@AlgPDA-DOX NPs. Using such systems, the mussel-inspired property of PDA was introduced to improve tumor targetability and penetration, in addition to active targeting (via FA−folate receptor interactions). Determining the photoluminescence efficiency showed that the Tb/Eu@AlgPDA system was superior to the Dy/Er@AlgPDA system, presenting intense and sharp emission peaks on the fluorescence spectra. In addition, compared to Dy/Er@AlgPDA NPs (82.4%), Tb/ Eu@AlgPDA NPs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity with >93.3% HeLa cell viability found in MTT assays at NP concentrations of up to 0.50 mg/mL and high biocompatibility when incubated with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.