For the first time, we present an extensive study of stars with individual non-LTE (NLTE) abundances for 17 chemical elements from Li to Eu in a sample of stars uniformly distributed over the −2.62 [Fe/H] +0.24 metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. The star sample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thick disks and halo. We find new results and improve earlier ones as follows: (i) the element-to-iron ratios for Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti form a metal-poor (MP) plateau at a similar height of 0.3 dex, and the knee occurs at common

We present chromospheric activity index S HK measurements for 119 995 F, G and K stars with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 80) spectra, extracted from LAMOST DR1 in SDSS g band. The index δS for each of these stars is calculated by the difference between its S HK value and the baseline determined from very inactive stars. The effect of metallicity on measurement of δS varies with stellar T eff . No evident Vaughan-Preston gap appears in our sample. The relation between δS and vertical distance from the Galactic plane is determined for stars with T eff < 5500 K. Stars with higher δS tend to be closer to the Galactic plane. Two open clusters in the DR1 sample, M45 and M67, exhibit the expected general trend that δS decays with age. For stars with T eff > 5500 K, similar δS levels appear in both young and old cluster stars, which supports Pace's suggestion that caution should be exercised when deriving the age of a single star by using its chromospheric activity. Finally, we investigate the relation between δS and the kinematics of our sample.

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We present the result of a search for very metal-poor (VMP, ) stars in the Milky Way based on low-resolution spectra from Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR3, significantly enlarging the current candidate sample of these low-metallicity objects. The selection procedure results in a sample of 10,008 VMP stars covering a large area of sky in the Northern Hemisphere, and includes over 6800 targets brighter than V ∼ 16. This LAMOST DR3 VMP sample provides the largest number of VMP candidates to date that are sufficiently bright for follow-up high-resolution observation with 4–10 m telescopes, greatly expanding the VMP stars discovered in the northern sky, and can be used to balance the spatial distribution of VMP stars with high-resolution spectroscopic analyses. Comparison with stars having existing high-resolution analyses and Tycho Gaia Astrometric Solution parallaxes indicates that the derived stellar parameters and distance estimates are reliable. The sample reaches beyond 40 kpc in the halo, and contains over 670 candidates of extremely metal-poor ( ) and ultra-metal-poor ( ) stars. The distribution of V ϕ indicates that the sample consists of two halo components, with the retrograde component likely to be associated with the outer-halo population. A new criterion is proposed to select carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star candidates, using line indices G1 and EGP over the range 4000 K <   < 7000 K, resulting in 636 CEMP candidates from the LAMOST DR3 VMP sample.

The lithium abundances for 378 G/K giants are derived with non-LTE correction considered. Among these, there are 23 stars that host planetary systems. The lithium abundance is investigated, as a function of metallicity, effective temperature, and rotational velocity, as well as the impact of a giant planet on G/K giants. The results show that the lithium abundance is a function of metallicity and effective temperature. The lithium abundance has no correlation with rotational velocity at vsini < 10 km s −1 . Giants with planets present lower lithium abundance and slow rotational velocity (vsini < 4 km s −1 ). Our sample includes three Li-rich G/K giants, 36 Li-normal stars and 339 Li-depleted stars. The fraction of Li-rich stars in this sample agrees with the general rate of less than 1% in literature, and the stars that show normal amounts of Li are supposed to possess the same abundance at the current interstellar medium. For the Lidepleted giants, Li deficiency may have already taken place at the main sequence stage for many intermediate-mass (1.5-5 M ⊙ ) G/K giants. Finally, we present the lithium abundance and kinematic parameters for an enlarged sample of 565 giants using a compilation of literature, and confirm that the lithium abundance is a function of metallicity and effective temperature. With the enlarged sample, we investigate the differences between the lithium abundance in thin-/thick-disk giants, which indicate that the lithium abundance in thick-disk giants is more depleted than that in thin-disk giants.

Context. Cool star model atmospheres are a common tool for the investigation of stellar masses, ages and elemental abundance composition. Theoretical atmospheric models strongly depend on the atomic data used when calculating them. Results. Using the Kurucz line lists converted into the VALD format and new bound-free opacities for Mg i and Al i leads to changes in the solar temperature stratification by not more than 28 K. At the same time, the calculated solar flux distribution shows significantly better agreement between observations and theoretical solar models. These changes in the temperature stratification of the corresponding models are small, but nevertheless of a magnitude that affects stellar parameter determinations and abundance analysis.

We have determined beryllium abundances for 25 metal-poor stars based on the high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra from the VLT/UVES database. Our results confirm that Be abundances increase with Fe, supporting the global enrichment of Be in the Galaxy. Oxygen abundances based on [O I] forbidden line implies a linear relation with a slope close to one for the Be vs. O trend, which indicates that Be is probably produced in a primary process. Some strong evidences are found for the intrinsic dispersion of Be abundances at a given metallicity. The deviation of HD132475 and HD126681 from the general Be vs. Fe and Be vs. O trend favours the predictions of the superbubble model, though the possibility that such dispersion originates from the inhomogeneous enrichment in Fe and O of the protogalactic gas cannot be excluded.Comment: 12 pages with 9 figures, to be published in MNRA

We analyze the kinematics of thick disk and halo stars observed by the Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We have constructed a sample of 7,993 F, G and K nearby main-sequence stars (d < 2 kpc) with estimates of position (x, y, z) and space velocity (U, V , W ) based on color and proper motion from the SDSS DR9 catalog. Three 'phase-space overdensities' are identified in [V, √ U 2 + 2V 2 ] with significance levels of σ > 3. Two of them (Hyades-Pleiades stream, Arcturus-AF06 stream) have been identified previously. We also find evidence for a new stream (centered at V ∼ -180 km s −1 ) in the halo. The formation mechanisms of these three streams are analyzed. Our results support the hypothesis the Arcturus-AF06 stream and the new stream originated from the debris of a disrupted satellite, while Hyades-Pleiades stream has a dynamical origin.