CitationMaticorena-Quevedo J, Beas R, Anduaga-Beramendi A, Mayta-Tristán P. Publicación Anticipada en LíneaPuede descargar, difundir y citar esta versión preliminar, la numeración de las páginas es referencial y no debe ser utilizada al citar este artículo. PREVALENCIA DEL SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EN MÉDICOS Y ENFERMERAS DEL PERÚ, ENSUSALUD 2014Jesús Maticorena-Quevedo 1,2,a , Renato Beas 1,2,a , Alexander Anduaga-Beramendi 1,2,a , Percy Mayta-Tristán 1,b RESUMENObjetivos. Estimar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout (SB) en los médicos y enfermeras del Perú en el año 2014, según los diferentes puntos de corte establecidos en la literatura. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal y descriptivo basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud del año 2014 (ENSUSALUD-2014) que cuenta con un muestreo probabilístico bietápico. El SB fue identificado mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory -Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) utilizando diferentes puntos de corte para establecer su prevalencia: valores predeterminados, terciles y cuartiles. Resultados. De los 5062 profesionales de salud, 62,3% eran mujeres, 44,0% eran médicos, 46,0% pertenecían al MINSA y 23,1% laboraban en Lima. Se obtuvo una prevalencia global del SB de 2,8% (IC95%: 2,19-3,45) usando valores predeterminados; 7,9% (IC95%: 6,93-8,95) para puntos de corte según cuartiles; y 12,5% (IC95%:11,29-13,77) usando terciles. La prevalencia es mayor en médicos que en enfermeras, independientemente del punto de corte usado (3,7% vs 2,1% en valores predeterminados; 10,2 vs 6,1% con cuartiles, y 16,2 vs 9,5% mediante terciles). Conclusiones. La prevalencia del síndrome en personal sanitario es distinta en una misma población, según se utilicen los distintos puntos de corte descritos. Se recomienda el uso de los valores predeterminados por el creador del instrumento, hasta obtener puntos específicos para nuestro país. Palabras clave: Trastornos de Ansiedad; Agotamiento Profesional; Personal de Salud; Prevalencia (fuente: DeCS BIREME). PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG PHYSICIANS AND NURSES IN PERU, ENSUSALUD 2014 ABSTRACTObjectives. To determine the difference in the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS) using different cut-off points for each scales in physicians and nurses of Peru in 2014. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study of secondary data based from the National Health-User Satisfaction Survey 2014 (in Spanish: Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud -2014, ENSUSALUD 2014. The BS was identified through the Maslach Burnout Inventory -Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) using different cut-off points to establish its prevalence: default values, tertiles and quartiles. Results. Of the 5067 health professionals, 62.3% were women, 44.0% were physicians, 46.0% belonged to the Ministry of Health (MINSA), and 23.1% worked in Lima. An overall prevalence of SB 2.8% (CI95%: 2,19-3,45) was obtained using default values; 7.9% (CI95%: 6,93-8,95) according to quartiles; and 12.5% (CI95%:11,29-13,77) using tertiles. Prevalence...
The present study is the first controlled study that evaluates the effects of cognitive therapy along the lines of Beck (1976) [Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorder. New York: International University Press] and Salkovskis (1985) [Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571-583] in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and compares these effects with those of self-controlled exposure in vivo with response prevention. Seventy-one patients were randomly assigned to either cognitive therapy or exposure in vivo. In each treatment condition seven patients dropped out. Both treatments consisted of 16 sessions. Cognitive therapy as well as exposure in vivo led to statistically significant improvement. Multivariate significant differences suggesting a superior efficacy of cognitive therapy in comparison to exposure in vivo on the obsessive compulsive measures and on the measures for associated psychopathology. However, no univariate differences were found. Further, in both treatment conditions a considerable percentage of the patients was rated as "recovered". Significantly more patients were rated as "recovered" in the cognitive therapy. The results show that this form of cognitive therapy is an effective treatment for OCD and suggest that cognitive therapy may be even more effective than exposure in vivo.
Behavioral therapy is highly effective for reducing symptoms of trichotillomania in the short term, whereas fluoxetine is not.
In this study, follow-up results of cognitive-behaviour therapy and of a combination of cognitive-behaviour therapy with a serotonergic antidepressant were determined. The study also examined factors that can predict this treatment effect, both in the long term and in the short term. In addition, it investigated whether differential prediction is possible for cognitive-behaviour therapy vs. a combination of cognitive-behaviour therapy with a serotonergic antidepressant. A total of 99 patients were included in the study. Treatment lasted 16 weeks, and a naturalistic follow-up measurement was made 6 months later. Of the 70 patients who completed the treatment, follow-up information was available for 61 subjects. Significant time effects were found on all outcome measures at both post-treatment measurement and follow-up. No differences in efficacy were found between the treatment conditions. Effectiveness at post-treatment measurement appears to predict success at follow-up. However, 17 of the 45 non-responders at the post-treatment measurement had become responders by the follow-up. The severity of symptoms, motivation for treatment and the dimensional score on the PDQ-R for cluster A personality disorder appear to predict treatment outcome. No predictors were found that related specifically to cognitive-behaviour therapy or combined treatment. These results indicate that the effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy or a combination of cognitive-behaviour therapy and fluvoxamine at the post-treatment measurement is maintained at follow-up. However, non-response at post-treatment does not always imply non-response at follow-up. Patients with more severe symptoms need a longer period of therapy to become responders. Although predictors for treatment success were found, no evidence was found to determine the choice of one of the treatment modalities.
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