Anti-TNF-α antibody encapsulated into highly porous microspheres was released in a controlled manner and exhibited biological activity against TNF-α. The technique used to produce TIPS microspheres is rapid and provides high encapsulation efficiency. This technique could also be applied to other therapeutic peptides where rapid fabrication and high yields are required.
: affecting sphincter integrity and continence. Traditional surgical and medical approaches are not without their limitations and may result in either comorbidity, such as fecal incontinence, or incomplete healing of the fistulae. Over the last 2 decades these limitations have led to a paradigm shift toward the use of biomaterials, and more recently cell-based therapies, which have met with variable degrees of success. This review discusses the traditional and current methods of treatment, as well as emerging and possible alternative approaches that may improve fistula healing.
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