Lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of several types of cancer cells, but the effects of vaginal Lactobacilli on cervical cancer cells have seldom been reported. We incubated Caski cells with supernatants of predominant strains in the vagina and investigated their effects on cell growth and the possible mechanisms. Cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri were prepared and purified. Caski cells were treated with various concentrations of Lactobacillus supernatants (LS). The effect of LS on cell growth was investigated using MTT assays. The influence of LS on the cell cycle and expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes was determined by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. LS-inhibited Caski cell proliferation caused morphological changes in a pH-independent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cells exposed to LS exhibited a significant increase of cell number in S phase and a strong decrease of cell number in G2/M phase. Expression of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, as well as CDK2 and cyclin A was decreased after treatment with LS, while expression of p21 was increased. Supernatants of L. crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri have inhibitory effects on the viability of cervical cancer cells via regulation of HPV oncogenes and cell cycle-related genes. Lactobacillus, as a promising treatment for cancer, is being assessed for its effect, and these results provide further evidence in this respect.
Concession period of PPP (Public-Private Partnership) projects is the most essential feature in determining the time span of various rights, obligations and responsibilities between the government and concessionaire. Most traditional methods are based on the analysis of the future cash flow to determine the concession period, but either ignored the potential values or the risks that might emerge during the project life span, thus failing to find the proper concession period for the project. This paper builds a new model taking both recognized real option value and risk into concession period decision-making, and considering the distribution coefficient of option value, which uses game theory integrated with risk sharing, which increases the flexibility of the negotiation. Real option theory is introduced based on traditional NPV (Net Present Value); its potential value and strategic importance are further exploited. A case shows that the project concession period and the price of the sewage disposal are different when considering option value and risk sharing simultaneously and respectively, which give the two side's references during negotiation. Allocating the option value and the risk properly between the government and concessionaire can also avoid dispute and promote cooperation.
Coal seams in China have poor permeability and a complex pore structure, leading to a low gas extraction efficiency. Studying the pore structure of different metamorphic degrees of coal by using modern technological methods and employing appropriate pumping measures for different pore structures can improve the gas extraction efficiency. In this study, the pore sizes of three coal samples with different metamorphic grades were measured at different pore scales through CO 2 adsorption, nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, and mercury pressure methods. The pore structure was three-dimensionally reconstructed using the lattice Boltzmann methodbased quartet structure generation set algorithm. The optimum pore size measurements performed using the CO 2 adsorption, nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, and mercury pressure methods were in the ranges of 0.3-2, 1.7-300, 1-50, and 7.5-11 000 nm, respectively; this demonstrates that the structure of a full-scale coal model cannot be accurately tested using a single technique. The pore structure varies depending on the metamorphic degree of the coal; therefore, coal metamorphism should be considered for effective gas extraction. K E Y W O R D S 3D reconstruction, degree of coal metamorphism, multi-scale analysis, pore structure | 2087 NIE Et al. | 2099 NIE Et al.31. Perret J, Prasher SO, Kantzas A, Langford CH. Three-dimensional quantification of macropore networks in undisturbed soil cores. Three-dimensional characterization of open and closed coal nanopores based on a multi-scale analysis including CO 2 adsorption, mercury intrusion, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and small-angle X-ray scattering.
Background miR-92b is a carcinogenic miRNA that has great potential as a biomarker for disease prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment in the clinic. It is of great significance to analyse the relationship between miR-92b and the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients. This paper aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical values of miR-92b-3p in breast cancer (BC). Methods Altogether, 112 female BC patients who were treated in our hospital were included as a study group, and 108 healthy women who came to our hospital for physical examinations were included as a control group. miR-92b-3p expression in the serum of subjects in both groups was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) to analyse the correlation of this miRNA with the patients’ pathological features and prognoses. The diagnostic value of miR-92b-3p expression for BC was analysed by plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results miR-92b-3p expression was remarkably higher in the study group (P < 0.05), and its area under the curve (AUC) for detecting BC was 0.88. The expression was correlated with the tumour size, degree of differentiation, TNM staging, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). miR-92b-3p was significantly positively correlated with the TNM staging (r = 0.40, P < 0.05), was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation of the breast cancer cells (r = − 0.35, P < 0.05), and was significantly positively correlated with the expression of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). The overall survival rate (OSR) of the 99 patients who had follow-up was 73.74%. The survival status was remarkably better in the low expression group (P < 0.05). miR-92b-3p expression was remarkably higher in the death group (P < 0.05). The AUC of miR-92b-3p alone in the death and survival groups was 0.76. Conclusion miR-92b-3p expression obviously rises in the serum of BC patients and is closely related to the clinical staging, degree of differentiation, and CA125 in BC, so the detection of this miRNA is of great significance to the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of BC. This miRNA can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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