: The prediction of wall losses is a fundamental aspect in the development of ultra-wideband through-the-wall (TTW) detection systems. Accurate ultra-wideband signal attenuation prediction has always been very difficult due to a broad variety of building materials without the support of a sophisticated model. In this paper, the attenuation of different types of concrete and brick walls are estimated using the electromagnetic characteristics of building materials for frequencies from 1 to 5 GHz by two theoretical models based on the method of general solutions of wave equations using boundary conditions and the impedance transformation method or the method of transmission line analogy. This estimation will enable in the design of any ultra wideband through-the wall radar system.

A study of ultrawideband pulse propagation modeling through human body for all frequencies from 0.1 to 10.5 GHz is presented. Reflection coefficient and signal attenuation are computed from the model considering the variation of heart dimension with respect to time unlike a fixed dimension of heart used in earlier models. The performance of cardiac activity is studied from the change of signal attenuation. This estimation may help in the design of a noninvasive diagnostic system using ultrawideband of frequencies.

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