Background and objectivesExcessive and prolonged work-related stress has always been a cause for burnout among healthcare professionals. This has led to emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion. This survey was conducted to assess the burnout among medical practitioners using the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) and Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-12) scales.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 482 registered medical practitioners across India. A questionnaire consisting of 25 socio-demographic and occupational questions related to aMBI and BCSQ-12 scales was used to assess the burnout. The distribution of responses for each variable was examined using frequencies and percentages among the subgroups to find out the burnout levels of various components of the scales.ResultsHigh burnout levels were uniformly recorded for the entire population. For the aMBI, 45.02% (n = 217) and 65.98% (n = 318) of the participants scored high on the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scales, respectively, whereas 87.14% (n = 420) scored low on the personal accomplishment scale and 62.86% (n = 303) and 11.41% (n = 55) had medium and low scores on the satisfaction with the medical practice scale. The BCSQ-12 scale showed the mean values of 15.89, 11.56, and 10.28 on a scale of 28 for overload, lack of development, and neglect subtypes, respectively, whereas, satisfaction with the financial compensation item showed a mean value of 3.79 on a scale of seven. All these values indicate high levels of burnout.ConclusionThe results suggest high levels of burnout in all domains of aMBI and BCSQ-12 scales in all the occupational and socio-demographic groups of medical practitioners and warrant immediate actions to address this issue.
Time-varying magnetic fields can be used to assemble superparamagnetic colloids into hierarchically organized assemblies, ranging from 1-D chains, 2-D networks, and 2-D clusters that exhibit novel dynamics.
Convective deposition is a scalable method for directing colloidal self-assembly. Ordered layers of deposited particles have numerous applications as advanced materials for optical devices and membranes. Over the past 20years, a simple mass balance derived by Dimitrov and Nagayama has been widely used for relating film thickness to deposition velocity, suspension concentration and evaporation rate and particle size. This balance works well for a small range of deposition velocities, but it fails to predict the coating thickness over a broader range. Specifically, in this balance the length scale related to drying is not well-posed and the drying length generally thought to be roughly constant. This work derives an analytical expression for the drying length in convective deposition for a more general set of conditions by considering the resistance to flow through the deposited particles. This analysis allows prediction of coating thickness over a wider range of velocities from low density coatings to multilayer particle assemblies.
Phase separation processes are widely utilized to assemble complex fluids into novel materials. These separation processes can be thermodynamically driven due to changes in concentration, pressure, or temperature. Phase separation...
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