Background: Diabetes Mellitus has become a major public health problem in India and also the major cause of disability through complications such as blindness, renal failure, lower limb gangrene etc. People suffering from Diabetes related complications are many times unaware about the measures to curb the onset of the complications. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetes and its complications in the diabetic patientsMethods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at an Urban Health Centre attached to the parent medical college in Mumbai. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the 116 participants who were registered at the non-communicable disease (NCD) OPD were assessed via a pre-designed, pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: SPSS version 20.Results: Majority belonged the age groups of 40-60 years (69%), 63.8% were women, 91.4% were married and 44.4% were illiterate. 13.8% of the respondents had correct knowledge about the causes of diabetes and 62.9% could correctly identify the symptoms of diabetes. Knowledge regarding the complications in diabetics was found to be quite low with only 52.6% correctly identifying one or more complications. The most commonly known complication was neuropathy (83.6%) followed by nephropathy (57.3%). The attitude of the patients with respect to screening of complications was found to be poor and the same reflected in their practicesConclusions: There is a lack of understanding of the basics of the disease, its prevention as well as prevention of complications in those suffering from the disease.
Background: Keeping into mind the importance of diabetic self-care practices for control of diabetes burden and preventable complications, the present study was carried out to introduce appropriate health intervention package which upon operationalization leads to improvement in self-care practices and to assess effect of intervention packages with help of predetermined indicators. The objectives were to study of life style adaptations and self-care practices and to study effects of intervention package.Methods: The present study adapted as an experimental epidemiological study, community based with before and after intervention comparison design. Sample size estimated as 203. Total 250 patients were selected by simple random sampling method and grouped into 8 batches. Intervention package which includes health education, patient counseling, periodic check-up, advise for referral. All batches were followed up with operationalization of intervention package for 12 months. Post intervention data then collected and analyzed with pre intervention data.Results: Effectiveness of intervention package in glycemic control (p<0.046) and decreased calories intake in diabetic patients (p<0.01). Major changes in self-care practices have effect on better glycemic control and calorie intake (p<0.03). Both lifestyle adaptations and self-care practices improved significantly (p<0.01) after intervention.Conclusions: Health and nutritional education, personal counselling, periodic health check-up, Referral advice are important as an intervention package to bring about blood glucose level control, modify diet and lifestyle and to improve self-care practices amongst the diabetic patients.
Background: The ongoing research in the school health domain is necessary to understand the secular trends in anthropometric parameters. Our study is an attempt to analyze the cross sectional findings and comparison with national reference studies to draw a conclusion on changing attributes of anthropometric parameters with time.Methods: The present study was adapted as a school based, cross sectional, observational epidemiological study design. We have analyzed the data generated out of assessment of height and weight (anthropometric analysis) along with other evaluation as a part of comprehensive health examination.Results: We evaluated, a total of 995 students, aged 5-16 years of which, 569 (57.2%) were boys and 426 (42.8%) were girls. BMI percentiles were calculated for both schoolboys and schoolgirls. Comparisons of the present height and weight curves with earlier data from India and multi country data from WHO was done. In this study prevalence of overweight was 10.35% which indicates the rising trends of childhood overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The trends of changing anthropometric measurements as evident in our study indicate the schoolchildren are growing taller and heavier. With increase in BMI, the prevalence of childhood overweight is on high level but level of underweight and under nutrition per say is low, probably due to quality food availability and increased buying capacity of families.
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