The average yield of finger millet is low in Ethiopia, specifically in Western Oromia due to different production constraints such as limited availability of improved varieties, lack of formal seed delivery system, and limited adoption of the available technologies. To this, BARC in collaboration with AGP-II conducted the pre-scale up and popularized full packaged improved finger millet varieties in cluster approach at East Wollega zone, Western Oromia, on 22 ha in 2019 rainy season. Three districts (Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuka, and Gida Ayana) were selected and a total of 6 clusters were established. Prescaling up of the crop conducted on 22 ha of land and 78 farmers were included in the cluster. Finger millet seed, Gudatu variety was produced at Wayu Tuka district, Bako-09 was produced at Gida Ayana and Gute variety at Boneya Boshe district. Based on the attained yield, a total of 51.74 tons of improved seeds of finger millet varieties were obtained, of which 22.15 tons were Gute variety, 17.38 tons Gudetu, and the rest 12.21 tons were Bako-09. The average yield obtained from the Gute variety was 2.22 t ha -1 followed by Bako-09 variety (2.04 t ha -1 ) and the least for Gudetu variety (1.74 t ha -1 ). Overall, the varieties showed better performance than local cultivars produced by the majority of the farmers in terms of yield, disease tolerance and other traits. Therefore, scaling-out of the varieties with full production packages should be carried out in the area and for similar agro-ecological operations.
This paper attempts to review the major sorghum production constraints, the progress and perspective on sorghum anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) resistance breeding. The importance of anthracnose in sorghum production and breeding for resistance status and progress were also primly discovered. Sorghum is an ancient environment resilient crop and believed to be a future crop due to its important merits like tolerant to stresses, wide adaptability and low input requirement. Insects and disease are major biotic impediments to realizing the yield potential of the crop. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum is the most important disease that severely affecting the crop in all sorghum producing regions of the world. Research results revealed that anthracnose resulted in 30-50% or greater yield losses. Several management strategies such as, cultural, chemical and using resistance varieties have been developed. Employing host-plant resistance is the most economical and environmentally friendly approach which can successfully control the disease. Breeding assisted with molecular markers plays a great role in resistance breeding programme as it makes easy to screen large number of genotypes at once. Recent advancement of molecular breeding and bio-informatics tools are playing a significant role in efficiencies and precisions of resistance breeding. QTLs or genomic area for resistance were identified using traditional molecular markers and recent research results revealed discoveries of specific gene and locus using high throughput markers like SNPs using GWAS approach. The discovery of genes/QTL associated with the resistance trait, using the high through put molecular markers like SNPs, facilitates the easiest way for gene pyramiding from different individual genotypes to a single variety, introgression into adapted elite cultivar through marker assisted and editing genes for elite landraces to develop durable resistance varieties. Transgenic approach is now a day becoming a powerful tool to utilize novel alien genes for crop improvement including anthracnose resistance breeding in sorghum.
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