Two types of coke are penetrated by different content of potassium (K) vapor using potassium-adsorption experiments. The K content of the alkalized coke is analyzed with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In order to explore the influence mechanism of K on the coke gasification, the industrial properties of alkalized coke samples are tested with standard method, while their gasification process is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. It is found that the broken degree of coke structure after penetration by K vapor increases with the increase of K content, and a critical value near 5 wt% of K content may exist for the formation of coke fragment. The catalysis of K on coke gasification accelerates with the increase of K content, and reaches the limitation when the content of K exceeds 3.5 wt%. The catalysis of K vapor on coke gasification is mainly characterized by the reduced gasification temperature and the increased pre-exponential factor, which will increase the active carbon sites.
Dopamine (DA) plays an essential role in the central nervous, renal, hormonal and cardiovascular systems. Various modified carbon nanotubes (CNT)‐based dopamine sensors have been reported, but inexpensive, highly sensitive plain CNT‐based ones are seldom studied. In this work, a facile and inexpensive CNT‐based DA sensor is made by rich‐defect multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (RD‐CNT) via an ultrasound method. The defect and elemental states of the RD‐CNT are systematically studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray‐photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that massive holes and cracks exist in RD‐CNT. The level of defects increases from the additional exposed edges. The electrochemical characterizations indicate that the electrochemical sensor has the highest sensitivity of 438.4 μA/(μM ⋅ cm2) among all carbon materials‐based DA sensors while well meeting the clinically required detection range and selectivity. The DA sensor was further used to detect live healthy human serum and live PC12 cells with satisfactory results, thus holding great promise for an inexpensive but sensitive DA sensor in practical applications of clinical diagnosis and biological research.
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