No abstract

Ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem. Hyriopsis cumingii has great potential for the restoration of eutrophic water. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ammonia exposure in H. cumingii. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of unionized ammonium was 12.86 mg/L in H. cumingii. In the study, H. cumingii were exposed to 6.43 mg L−1 unionized ammonium (1/2 96 h LC50) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. High environment ammonia induced antioxidant response to protect the body from oxidative damage. After exposure to ammonia, there was a same trend of induction followed by inhibition of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii. However, the antioxidant response could not completely counteract the oxidation effect during the exposure period, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tissue injury in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii eventually. Moreover, this study indicated that glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) in the hepatopancreas and gills may play an important role in ammonia detoxification of H. cumingii. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by ammonia in shellfish.

With increasing demand for vegetables and horticultural products, the greenhouse cultivation area is expanding at an unimaginable rate. According to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, the total area of planting facilities, mainly plastic greenhouses, solar greenhouses and terraces, will be stabilized at more than 2 million hectares by 2025, which was just 20 thousand hectares in 1980.However, under such special conditions as higher temperature, humidity, evaporation, planting intensity, multiple cropping index, and large amounts of fertilizer application, lack of rainwater leaching and so on, greenhouse soils are susceptible to degradation characterized by deteriorated physical properties, secondary salinization and acidification [1], imbalance of soil nutrients and microbial flora, increased crop diseases and insect pests, etc [2,3].

No abstract

In this study a microwave-enhanced and iron-carbon (Fe-C)-activated H2O2 process (MW/Fe-C/H2O2) was applied to the advanced treatment of biologically treated effluent from a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB). The enhancement...