[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the patellar movement and the standing backward leaning perceptibility. [Subjects and Methods] Fourteen volunteers who were confirmed presence of upward patellar movement during backward leaning from the quiet standing posture participated in this study. The quiet standing position, the standing backward leaning position at patellar movement onset and standing position perceptibility were measured. The position of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior direction in standing is represented as the percentage distance from the hindmost point of the heel in relation to the foot length (%FL). [Results] The mean value of the center of pressure on anteroposterior direction positions in quiet standing was 43.2%FL. The patellar movement onset position was 35.1%FL. The individual mean value of standard deviations for the onset position was 2.5%FL. The absolute error at the onset position is specifically and significantly small. [Conclusion] For the subjects whose patellas move during backward leaning in this study, the standing position near the onset position was perceived accurately, probably by the substantial change in sensory information associated with the onset of patellar movement while backward leaning.
Objective: To develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) that predicts treatment responses to mechanical lumbar traction (MLT) among patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Method: This studywas an uncontrolled prospective cohort study. The subjects included 103 patients diagnosed with LDH for which they underwent conservative therapy. The subjects received MLT for 2 weeks, and the application of any other medication was left at the discretion of the attending physician. The initial evaluation was performed prior to the initiation of treatment. The independent variables from the initial evaluation were imaging diagnosis, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire score, visual analog scale, medical interview, physical examination. The patients whose ODI after 2 weeks of treatment improved by ! 50% of that at the initial evaluation were defined as responders. Results: Of the 103 subjects, 24 were responders, and the five predictors selected for the CPR were limited lumbar extension range of motion, low-level fear-avoidance beliefs regarding work, no segmental hypomobility in the lumbar spine, short duration of symptoms, and sudden onset of symptoms. For the patients with at least three of the five predictors, the probability of their ODI greatly improving increased from 23.3% to 48.7% compared with the patients without these predictors (positive likelihood ratio, 3.13). Conclusion: Five factors were selected for the CPR to predict whether patients with LDH would demonstrate short-term improvement following conservative therapy with MLT.
When a homogeneous hot liquid of poly(ecaprolactone) (PCL) with (R)-12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) or N-carbobenzyloxy-L-isoleucylaminooctadecane (CIA) was gradually cooled to room temperature, the mixture became gelatinous material and then solidified to give a PCL/HSA or PCL/CIA composite. The rheological measurements of the mixtures of PCL with HSA and CIA revealed that the organogels are formed at around 70-50 C and 100-73 C during the cooling process, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of supramolecular fibrillar networks was confirmed by the microscopic and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The tensile moduli of both the composites were improved by the addition of CIA and HSA. Both the composites showed so high biodegradability as PCL. The fibrillar networks of the composites were also regenerated during the repeated cooling process from the isotropic liquid.
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