Oral frailty is defined as a decrease in oral function accompanied by a decrease in mental and physical functions. Studies showing that people with oral frailty are at high risk of physical frailty, sarcopenia, severe conditions requiring nursing care and death have been reported in Japan. An increase in life expectancy and maintenance of teeth result in a decrease in the effect of the number of teeth. In contrast, a decrease in oral function as a result of aging has been suggested to have major effects on dysfunction and mortality risk. The present report is a narrative review of major clinical studies on the relationships of the number of teeth, dentures, occlusion and oral function with longevity, with the aim of providing information for future studies centered on oral function in Japan or overseas. This review clearly shows the relationships of the number of teeth, dentures, and occlusion with health and longevity. Recent studies have shown that, besides maintenance of the number of teeth, attempting to maintain or increase oral function, having a good diet and maintaining nutritional status are all linked to general health. Decreased oral function is a major risk factor for developing malnutrition and sarcopenia. Oral frailty, a new concept that has been recently introduced in Japan, is considered to have major effects on dental and oral health policies in Japan, in the old‐age group, and is expected to be reflected in the dental and oral health policies of various countries, as they also predict increased life expectancies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
The cytotoxicities of lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma salivarium to a lymphocytic cell line, MOLT‐4, and a monocytic cell line, HL‐60, was upregulated by ATP added extracellularly in a dose‐dependent manner. These lipoproteins induced ATP release and plasma membrane permeability increase in these cell lines. In addition, periodate‐oxidized ATP, an antagonist for P2X purinergic receptors, suppressed the cytotoxicity of the lipoproteins, suggesting the possibility that P2X receptors for ATP play crucial roles in the cytotoxicity. Activation of caspase‐3 induced by the lipoproteins, which was assessed by the cleavage of the synthetic substrate DEVD‐pNA and the endogenous substrate poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, was also upregulated and downregulated by extracellular ATP and periodate‐oxidized ATP, respectively. On the basis of these results, this study suggests that mycoplasmal lipoproteins induce the permeability increase in lymphocytes and monocytes, by which ATP is released, and the ATP regulates the cytotoxicities of the lipoproteins to the cells, possibly by interaction with ATP receptors such as P2X purinergic receptors.
Mycotic celiac artery aneurysm following infective endocarditis is extremely rare and, to our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in the literature to date. We describe the case of a 60 year-old man who developed a mycotic aneurysm of the celiac artery, which was detected by computed tomography (CT) following an episode of infective endocarditis. He successfully underwent endovascular isolation and packing of the aneurysm using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) with embolization coils.
The SYNTAX score is correlated with long-term outcomes, in terms of MACCEs, after conventional CABG for complex coronary lesions and is prognostic of long-term outcomes of CABG for patients with complex lesions.
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