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For biliary cytology, sampling by catheter aspiration is more effective than catheter flushing or sampling from a drainage bag. Repeated sampling increases sensitivity. Biliary cytology has modest diagnostic yield, but is easy to perform, highly specific, and can provide a definitive diagnosis.

Introduction:Delayed hematological recovery, graft failure, and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) still remain major problems in cord blood transplantation (CBT). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to support bone marrow stroma and promote hematopoiesis. Additionally, MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties and are used clinically for the treatment of acute GVHD. Therefore, the use of MSCs to enhance engraftment and prevent GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has been explored. Recent clinical trials have shown the feasibility and safety of intravenous cotransplantation of MSCs with cord blood cells in pediatric patients, but not in adult patients, who are at greater risk of graft failure. As for the route of administration of MSCs, direct intrabone marrow injection of MSCs is thought to enhance the engraftment of cord blood cells more than intravenous injection. Based on these background findings, this clinical trial was designed to develop a new strategy to enhance engraftment and prevent GVHD after CBT.Methods and analysis:This is a single-center, phase I, clinical study to evaluate the safety of CBT combined with intrabone marrow injection of ex vivo expanded MSCs from bone marrow of a third-party donor. Adult patients with hematological disorders are eligible for this study. The target sample size is 5, and the registration period is 3 years. The target dose of MSCs infused is 0.5 × 106 cells/kg of patient body weight. On the day of CBT, MSCs are injected into the intrabone marrow of the patient 4 hours before the infusion of a single cord blood unit. The conditioning regimen varies according to patient age and disease. GVHD prophylaxis consists of a combination of tacrolimus and methotrexate. The primary endpoint of this study is infusional toxicity of MSCs within 14 days after transplantation.

Abstraec-It is important to obtain the absolute value of current flowing through each power line on P chip of large-scale integrated &SI) circuits by measurement because this current on an LSI chip is regarded as conductive noise. We have developed a thin-film magnetic field probe that has spatial resolution high enough to obtain the absolute value of high-frequency power current on an LSI chip. Spatial resolution was enhanced by miniaturizing the shielded loop coil, the detection part of the probe. The outer size of the new coil is 50 x 22 pm. In taking measurements with the new probe over a 60-pm-wide microstrip line used as a device under test @UT), we obtained a 6dB decrease point of40 pin, which indicates the spatial resolution of the probe. This value is comparable to the typical width of power lines on an LSI chip, around 50 pm and is less than half that of our conventional probes, around 90 pm. In measurements with the new probe over an LSI chip, we obtained such a fine magnetic near-field distribution that the magnetic fields generated from the lines on the chip were separated. On-chip decoupling was also confirmed by using the new probe. The new probe enables direct verification of a circuit design for suppressing electromagnetic interference (EMI), while conventional coarse mapping of the magnetic near-field cannot be used to evaluate such conductive noise.Kqwords-component: thin-film magnetic Jield probe: magnetic near-field measurement; high spofial resolufion; ntirrosrrip line; LSI chip I. I~TRODUCTIONAs a method for evaluating electromagnetic interference (EMI), magnetic near-field measurement has been utilized for magnetic near-field mapping, contact-less current measurement, and so on. In measurement at the LSl chip level, the purpose of this mapping is usually to evaluate the electromagnetic emission radiated directly from the LSI chip [l]. Conventional mappings on LSI chips are too coarse compared with the width of power lines on the LSI chips. On the other hand, it is important to obtain the absolute value of current flowing through each power line on an LSI chip, because this current is considered to affect EMI as well as direct electromagnetic emission from an LSI chip. This current is considered to couple or conduct to other power circuits outside the LSI, leading to driving cables or power-ground planes on printed circuit boards (PCBs). There is also a possibility that this current is the source of the degradation of signal integrity (SI) or power integrity (PI). If the highfrequency current flowing through each power line on an LSI could be obtained from magnetic near-field measurement along with calibration, the LSI circuit design for EMI suppression could be directly verified by tracing high-frequency current paths on the LSI chip, verifying on-chip decoupling circuits, and so on. Current measurement could also be used to verify simulation models of LSI power circuits. To obtain this current value, however, magnetic field probes are required to have much higher spatial resolution in com...

Bile cytology positivity is unlikely to be affected by sample time.