No abstract

Immature renal function in neonates requires antibiotic dosage adjustment. Population pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the optimal dosage regimens for three types of antibiotics: an aminoglycoside, arbekacin; a glycopeptide, vancomycin; and a carbapenem, panipenem. Eighty-three neonates received arbekacin (n ‫؍‬ 41), vancomycin (n ‫؍‬ 19), or panipenem (

We analyzed 338 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) and inv (16)

Determining the appropriate dose of transdermal fentanyl (TDF) for the alleviation of cancer pain requires determining the factors causing variations in serum fentanyl concentration after TDF treatment. The objective of this study was to identify these factors and incorporate them into a formula that can be used to predict serum fentanyl concentration after application of a TDF patch. Blood samples of cancer patients treated with a TDF patch for the alleviation of pain were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hours after application to evaluate population pharmacokinetics using the nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM). Based upon this evaluation, Child-Pugh Score and use of a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inducer were identified as the most significant factors in variations in serum fentanyl concentration and incorporated into the following Final Model formula: CL(fenta) (L/h) = 3.53 × (15 - Child-Pugh Score) × (1 + 1.38 × use or no use of CYP3A4 inducer). Bootstrap evaluation of the Final Model revealed a high convergence rate, suggesting that the model formula is a reliable and useful tool for determining TDF dose for the alleviation of cancer pain.

The high affinity of α-blockers for α(1)-adrenoreceptors is important in the analysis of the mechanism of IFIS. However, IFIS should not be attributed to long-term binding with receptors alone; the drug-melanin interaction causing dilator muscle atrophy is probably the other important factor in the mechanism of IFIS.