Objective The aim of this study was to compare healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) between type 2 diabetic patients with and without locomotive syndrome, which is a risk for becoming bedridden because of deteriorating locomotive organs. Subjects and methods A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2 ± 10.2 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. HRQOL was evaluated by the Euro-QOL-5 (EQ-5D), and locomotive syndrome was evaluated by ''loco-check,'' established the Japanese Orthopedic Association. Clinical data, such as anthropometric parameters, blood and urine examination results, blood pressure (BP), drug usage, and psychological distress, were analyzed. Results Average HbA1c in all patients was 7.2 ± 1.0 %, and 74 patients (54.8 %) were identified as having the locomotive syndrome. EQ-5D scores were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients with locomotive syndrome than in those without locomotive syndrome, even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c. By the multiple regression analysis, locomotive syndrome and age were identified as determinant factors of HRQOL in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion In type 2 diabetic patients, lower HRQOL was a characteristic feature of subjects with locomotive syndrome, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Prevention or management of locomotive syndrome may be beneficial for improving HRQOL in type 2 diabetic patients.

Proper education concerning their diets and reducing confectioneries in their daily lives might be beneficial for the mental health of female university students.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the linkage among ambulance transports, the number of death and air temperature in Takamatsu area, Japan. Methods Monthly data of ambulance transports (total and acute disease) and the number of death from 2004 to 2012 were obtained from Fire Department Service in Takamatsu and Takamatsu city official website, Japan. Climate parameters for required period were also obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency. Population data in Takamatsu area were also used to adjust ambulance transports and the number of death. The linkage among ambulance transports, the number of death and climate parameters was evaluated by ecological analysis. Results Total ambulance transports (/a hundred thousand people/day) and ambulance transports due to acute disease (/a hundred thousand people/day) were 12.3 ± 0.9 and 6.8 ± 0.7, respectively. The number of death (/a hundred thousand people/day) was 2.5 ± 0.4. By quadratic curve, ambulance transports due to acute disease and the number of death were significantly correlated with the parameters of air temperature. However, the number of death was the highest in January and the lowest in August.Conclusion Although higher air temperature was only associated with higher ambulance transports, lower air temperature was associated with both higher ambulance transports and the number death in Takamatsu area, Japan.