The sorghum plant bug Stenotus rubrovittatus (Matsumura) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a major seed pest of rice in Japan. Male S. rubrovittatus were previously shown to be attracted to traps baited with unmated females. The solvent extract of unmated females was analyzed by GC-MS using HP-INNOWax and HP-5ms columns, and retention index data and mass spectra of peaks detected in the female extract were compared with those of authentic samples. Three compounds, hexyl butyrate (ϭbutanoate), (E)-hex-2-en-1-yl butyrate and (E)-4-oxohex-2-enal, were identified from the female extract. Contents of these compounds in solvent extract of females were ca. 18.6, 8.6 and 1.0 mg/female, respectively. In a field experiment, a blend of three compounds showed potent attractant activity to male S. rubrovittatus, although no binary combinations of the three components were attractive. These results suggested that these compounds are components of the female sex attractant pheromone of S. rubrovittatus.

Gluconate was fermented selectively by the Bijidohacterium adolescentis group and some species of other genera, including Clostridium clostridiiforme, C. innocuum, Propionibacterium acnes, Megasphaera elsdenii, Enterococcus jaecium and Klebsiella pneumoniae; however it was not utilised by most other bacteria including the Bacteroidaceae. No other organic acid salts were utilised by B. adolescentis. These salts weakly inhibited the growth of C. perjringens in vitro, as did gluconate. The absorption rate of gluconate from the ligated small intestinal loop in rats was 19.9 per cent under conditions when 100 per cent of glucose was absorbed. The effects of ingestion of gluconate on human faecal bacteria was studied in ten healthy adult males. They ingested 9 g/d or 3 g/d of glucono-6-lactone (anhydride of gluconic acid). With the 9 g/d ingestion, the number of bifidobacteria significantly increased (P<0.001), whereas C. perfringens decreased and Enterobacteriaceae remained constant. The concentrations of bifidobacteria also increased ( W 0 . 0 5 ) following 3 g/d ingestion.

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such as sodium salt (GNA), potassium salt (GK), or calcium salt (GCA). Digestions of various gluconic acids were measured in vitro using human saliva, artificial gastric juice, porcine pancreatin and rat intestinal mucosa. Gluconic acid was stable in these digestive juices, regardless of its form. In an absorption test in situ using ligated loops of rat small intestine, residual gluconic acid in the loops was measured at 30min after injection at a dose of 50mg/kg. While 100% of the gluconate salts remained in the loop, the residual rates of GDL and GA were 45% and 86% respectively. Changes in plasma gluconic acid levels after oral administration of various gluconic acids at a dose of 500mg/kg were investigated in rats. Plasma contents 30min administration of GDL, GA and GCA at a dose of 50mg/kg were 25%, 68% and 90%, respectively.

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