We perform 2D and 3D numerical simulations of an accretion disc in a close binary system using the simplified flux vector splitting (SFS) finite volume method. In our calculations, the gas is assumed to be ideal with γ=1.01, 1.05, 1.1 and 1.2. The mass ratio of the mass‐losing star to the mass‐accreting star is unity. Our results show that spiral shocks are formed on the accretion disc in all cases. In 2D calculations we find that the smaller γ is, the more tightly the spiral winds. We observe this trend in 3D calculations as well in a somewhat weaker sense. Mach numbers in our discs are less than 10. These values are lower than the values in observed accretion discs in close binary systems. Recently, Steeghs, Harlaftis & Horne found the first convincing evidence for spiral structure in the accretion disc of the eclipsing dwarf nova binary IP Pegasi, using the technique known as Doppler tomography. Although the Mach numbers in present calculations are rather low, we may claim that the spiral structure that we discovered in earlier numerical simulations is now found observationally.

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A channel-type assembly of gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD(channel)) forms organogels in a variety of oils and organic solvents at ambient temperature through the construction of a three-dimensional network of micrometer-sized cubic particles composed of gamma-CD(channel).

A total of 179 countries (parties) ratified the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and agreed to destroy polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and develop a sound management plan by 2028. Currently, still 3 million tons of PCB-contaminated oil and equipment need to be managed under the Stockholm Convention. Thus, the development of a facile and environmentally benign method to treat large amounts of oil stockpiles contaminated with PCBs is a crucial subject. Herein, we report that cyclodextrin (CD) polymers, which are easily prepared by cross-linking the renewable cyclic oligosaccharide γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) with dibasic acid dichlorides, are a new selective and powerful adsorbent to remove PCB contaminants in oil. When PCB (100 ppm)-contaminated oil was passed through a column packed with the terephthaloyl-cross-linked γ-CD polymer (TP-γ-CD polymer) at 80-110 °C, the PCB contaminants were completely removed from the oil. Additionally, methyl esterification of the free carboxylic groups of the TP-γ-CD polymer enabled the complete recovery of the PCBs adsorbed on the polymer (with >99.9% recovery efficiency) by simply washing with acetone. The methyl-esterified TP-γ-CD polymer could be recycled at least 10 times for PCB adsorption without any loss in the adsorption capability. These results revealed that the γ-CD polymers can function as highly effective and powerful adsorbents for the removal and recovery of PCBs from PCB-contaminated oil and, thus, significantly contribute to the protection of the global environment.