Translation arrest leads to an endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA that is termed no-go decay (NGD). It has been reported that the Dom34:Hbs1 complex stimulates this endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA induced by translation arrest in vivo and dissociates subunits of a stalled ribosome in vitro. Here we report that Dom34:Hbs1 dissociates the subunits of a ribosome that is stalled at the 3' end of mRNA in vivo, and has a crucial role in both NGD and nonstop decay. Dom34:Hbs1-mediated dissociation of a ribosome that is stalled at the 3' end of mRNA is required for degradation of a 5'-NGD intermediate. Dom34:Hbs1 facilitates the decay of nonstop mRNAs from the 3' end by exosomes and is required for the complete degradation of nonstop mRNA decay intermediates. We propose that Dom34:Hbs1 stimulates degradation of the 5'-NGD intermediate and of nonstop mRNA by dissociating the ribosome that is stalled at the 3' end of the mRNA.

Dom34-Hbs1 plays crucial roles in Nonstop Decay (NSD) and No-Go Decay (NGD). Here, we report a conserved function of human Pelota (hPelota) in mRNA quality control of nonstop mRNA. hPelota facilitated the expression of the nonstop products from GFP-Rz mRNA, which lacks a termination codon and a poly(A) tail, in exosome-defective mutant cells. hPelota promoted the dissociation of stalled ribosomes at the 3' end of GFP-Rz mRNA, and mutations in domain A diminished this activity. The hPelota-R45A mutant associated with ribosomes but was defective in peptide release. Finally, hPelota promoted the degradation of GFP-Rz mRNA and suppressed the sequential endonucleolytic cleavages caused by stalled ribosomes at the 3' end of mRNA in dom34∆ mutant cells.