OnaBoNT-A injections can be used in the pediatric patients with NNDO as an effective and reliable procedure by decreasing voiding frequency, incontinence episodes, and increasing bladder capacity, with negligible side effects and complications.

Objective:The prototype artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using data from patients with renal stone, in order to predict stone-free status and to help in planning treatment with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for kidney stones.Materials and Methods:Data were collected from the 203 patients including gender, single or multiple nature of the stone, location of the stone, infundibulopelvic angle primary or secondary nature of the stone, status of hydronephrosis, stone size after ESWL, age, size, skin to stone distance, stone density and creatinine, for eleven variables. Regression analysis and the ANN method were applied to predict treatment success using the same series of data.Results:Subsequently, patients were divided into three groups by neural network software, in order to implement the ANN: training group (n=139), validation group (n=32), and the test group (n=32). ANN analysis demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of the stone-free rate was 99.25% in the training group, 85.48% in the validation group, and 88.70% in the test group.Conclusions:Successful results were obtained to predict the stone-free rate, with the help of the ANN model designed by using a series of data collected from real patients in whom ESWL was implemented to help in planning treatment for kidney stones.

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Background Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress increase the possibility of erectile dysfunction (ED) through a coordinated response to vascular endothelial damage. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the status of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in ED. Methods The analysis was a prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study. The study included non-ED (n = 54) and ED (n = 104) groups. The study analyzed demographics, clinical outputs, oxidative stress (total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS], oxidative stress index [OSI]), and an inflammatory condition (multi-inflammatory index 1 [MII-1], MII-2). Outcomes Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation were evaluated together in ED, which was evaluated with the help of the International Erectile Function Index (IIEF) scale. Results TAS significantly decreased in the ED group compared with the non-ED group (2.25 ± 0.83 mmol Trolox equivalents/L vs 1.45 ± 0.65 mmol Trolox equivalents/L; P = .001). TOS increased in the ED group (14.1 ± 6.2 μmol H2O2 equivalents/L) compared with non-ED group (11.05 ± 6.8 μmol H2O2 equivalents/L) (P = .002). OSI was as low as 0.74 ± 0.33 in the non-ED group and as high as 2.38 ± 0.85 in the ED group (P = .001). Both MII-1 (273 ± 398 vs 745 ± 1311; P = .012) and MII-2 (4.66 ± 5.02 vs 19.7 ± 29.4; P = .031) increased in the ED group compared with the non-ED group. IIEF was negatively correlated with MII-1 (r = −0.298; P = .009), MII-2 (r = −0.341; P = .006), and OSI (r = −0.387; P < .0001), while TAS had a strong positive correlation with the IIEF (r = 0.549; P = .0001). OSI was correlated with MII-1 (r = 0.304; P = .001) and MII-2 (r = 0.334; P = .001). OSI was the strongest parameter in predicting ED (P = .0001; area under the curve, 0.795; 95% confidence interval, 0.696-0.855). The cutoff was 0.71 at 80.5% sensitivity and 67.2% specificity. Clinical Implications OSI showed diagnostic potential for ED as an oxidative stress indicator, while MII-1 and MII-2 showed the effectiveness. Strengths and Limitations MIIs, a novel indicator of systemic inflammatory condition, were analyzed for the first time in patients with ED. The long-term diagnostic efficacy of these indices was lacking, as all patient data did not include long-term follow-up. Conclusion Considering their low cost and easy applicability compared with OSI, MIIs could be essential parameters in the follow-up for ED for physicians.

AIM: To evaluate the functional outcome of the pituitary gland after the traumatic brain injury and to present the pituitary functional changes during the acute phase of the trauma in order to identify the possible factors. METHODS: The study included records of 30 patients (22 male and GirișKafa travması, saçlı deri yaralanmasından, yaygın beyin hasarına kadar geniş bir spektrumda yer alan birçok patolojiyi içine alan klinik bir durumdur. Kafa travmalarının insidansı ve buna bağlı mortalite ve morbidite riski giderek artmaktadır 1,2 . Travma sonucunda merkezi sinir sisteminde primer doku hasarı meydana gelmektedir. Ancak, kafa travması sonucu oluşan hasardan sadece primer hasar sorumlu değil-dir. Primer doku hasarını takiben ortaya çıkan birçok karmaşık fi zyopatolojik olaya bağlı olarak sekonder hasar da oluşmaktadır [3][4][5] . Beyin hasarında rol oynayan

Dermoid cysts are uncommon congenital or acquired developmental cystic malformations that were usually seen in the midline of frontal region and the anterior fontanel. Congenital forms develop from the remnants of the epithelium or ectodermal membranous bone growth line. We report here a case of a congenital frontal dermoid cyst that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lipoma and neurofibroma. Dermoid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all nodular cyst-like lesions in the head and neck region. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis by means of Computerized Tomography scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging facilitate successful treatment.

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Objective: To determine the clinical outcomes of prostatic artery embolization applied to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Material and methods: The study includes 30 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the urology clinic between 2012 and 2016, for whom anesthesia was contraindicated due to advanced age and comorbidities and who underwent prostatic artery embolization. These patients were evaluated before the procedure and in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after the procedure. Results: The mean prostate volume of the patients was 68 cm³ before the procedure and 45 cm³ 12 months after the procedure. A statistically significant decrease was observed ( P = .001). The mean prostate-specific antigen value was 4.9 ng/dL before the procedure and 2.8 ng/dL 12 months after the procedure ( P = .008). The mean Q max value was 0 mL/s before the procedure and 12 mL/s 12 months after the procedure ( P = .001). The mean international prostatic symptom scores value was 35 before and 16 twelve months after the procedure ( P = .001). While the international index of erectile function value was 8.25 before the procedure, it was 8.46 12 months after the procedure ( P = .32). The quality of life index value was measured as 3.02 before the procedure and 3.09 twelve months after the procedure; a statistically significant difference was determined ( P = .027). Conclusion: Prostatic artery embolization, which is a minimally invasive procedure, can be applied as a safe and effective method to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who cannot tolerate anesthesia due to advanced age and comorbidities.