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The practice of using nutritional knowledge to enhance the general health of the populace forms the basis of food fortification. In this study, an antioxidant-rich Curculigo pilosa is substituted (1, 3, 5 and 10%) into yam tuber flour with the aim of improving the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the yam tuber flour. Antioxidant property was evaluated by polyphenol contents, ascorbic acid content, reducing effects, scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by inhibition of aamylase and aglucosidase enzymes. The antioxidant property was significantly (p \ 0.05) enhanced; also, the ability of the sample to inhibit the activity of aamylase and aglucosidase enzymes were significantly (p \ 0.05) enhanced by supplementation with Curculigo pilosa. The profiling of the samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography revealed some proven antioxidant and antidiabetic agents which were enhanced in supplemented yam flour. It can be concluded from the results obtained in this study that Curculigo pilosa powder could be a promising functional ingredient for yam flour in the management of diabetes and other oxidant-related diseases.

The rhizome of Curculigo pilosa (CP) prepared with Corn steep liquor (CSL), is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, antidiabetic activity of the CSL extract and its fractions (butanol and methanol) were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and diabetic rats were treated with 300 mg/kg bodyweight of the extract(s) for 28 days. Antidiabetic effect was monitored by plasma blood glucose, oral glucose tolerances test (OGGT), body weight and heamatological indices. Also serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine transaminases were evaluated. The levels of hepatic glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were assessed; also histopathology of the hepatic tissues was examined. Oral administration of the extract resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction of plasma blood glucose (29.32% crude extract and 22.96% butanol fraction) and also increased body weight (20.61% crude extract, 13.44% butanol fraction and 6.23% methanol fraction) of diabetic rats. The heamotogical indices, plasma parameters and hepatic oxidative stress in diabetic rats were returned to near normalcy following treatment with the extract(s). The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of stilbene, a proven antidiabetic agent, which might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity. The results obtained suggest that the CSL extract of CP could be used in management of diabetes mellitus thus providing scientific validation of its use as an antidiabetic agent.

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Background Moringa oleifera leaf is a prominent leaf in folk medicine used to treat many diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at determining the effects of substitution of wheat flour with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on physical, nutritional, bioactive, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of cookies. Wheat flour was substituted with MOLP (2.5%, 5% and 10%) in the baking of the cookies (C1, C2 and C3, respectively), and its effects were evaluated on proximate, bioactive compounds, antioxidant, physical and inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes using standard methods. Also, sensory attributes of the cookies were determined using 9-point hedonic point. Results The results showed thickness were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced while diameter and spread ratio of the cookies increased as the level of MOLP increases. The inclusion of MOLP in the cookies led to significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in the bioactive compound, antioxidant and inhibitory properties of MOLP-substituted cookies. Also protein, ash, fat and fibre contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in MOLP-substituted cookies while carbohydrate and energy value reduced. The sensory evaluation revealed that MOLP-substituted cookies at the level of 2.5% were more acceptable than other MOLP-substituted cookies. Conclusion With the higher bioactive, antioxidant and inhibitory abilities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and enhanced protein content of MOLP-substituted cookies, MOLP poses as a potential functional ingredient in baking of cookies.

In vitro antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves were studied in controlling erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Methanol extract gave a significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher content of total phenolic (61.4 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid (42.2 mgQE/g), ascorbic (10.1 mgAAE/100g) and phosphomolybdate (45.8 mgAAE/g) than the aqueous extract. The result showed that the extracts have high antioxidant activities. However, the methanol extract showed a higher DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities over aqueous extract but the aqueous extract had a higher reducing power. The methanol extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in rat pancreas and penile tissue homogenate exemplified by their least IC50 (94.21 μg/ml in pancreas) and (75.95 μg/mL in penile tissue) while in rat brain homogenate the aqueous extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ with least IC50 of 91.74 μg/mL. Hence, these extracts can be used as a potent natural antioxidant against free radicals and as a natural source of combating erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. The extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves could be useful therapeutically as erectogenic agent.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 265-276, 2018

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of ginger inclusion on the bioactive, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and nutritional characteristics of groundnut‐based snack (Kulikuli). The groundnut paste used in the preparation of Kulikuli was partially substituted with different levels (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of ginger powder. The results showed that the bioactive, antioxidant, and inhibitory properties of ginger‐substituted Kulikuli were significantly (p < .05) enhanced as the level of ginger increases. Also, carbohydrate and fiber contents of ginger‐substituted Kulikuli were significantly (p < .05) increased. There was significant reduction (p < .05) in estimated glycemic index and in vitro starch digestibility which was proportional to the level of ginger in the Kulikuli. The sensory scores of the ginger‐substituted Kulikuli revealed that they were well accepted. Therefore, ginger can serve as a functional ingredient in the making of Kulikuli, a groundnut‐based snack for people suffering from oxidant‐related diseases. With the increasing concern about the safety of orthodox hyperglycemic drugs, there is need to develop diet‐based therapy to manage diabetes mellitus. Because of this, ginger (Zingiber officinale), a spice with vast nutritional and pharmacological importance was substituted with groundnut to produce a functional groundnut‐based snacks (Kulikuli). The supplemented Kulikuli exhibited improved bioactive, antioxidant, glycemic, and antihyperglycemic properties. Therefore, the Kulikuli supplemented with ginger can serve as a functional snack for people suffering from diabetes mellitus and other oxidant‐related diseases. Practical applications With the increasing concern about the safety of orthodox hyperglycemic drugs, there is need to develop diet‐based therapy to manage diabetes mellitus. Because of this, ginger (Zingiber officinale), a spice with vast nutritional and pharmacological importance was substituted with groundnut to produce a functional groundnut‐based snacks (Kulikuli). The supplemented Kulikuli exhibited improved bioactive, antioxidant, glycemic, and antihyperglycemic properties. Therefore, the Kulikuli supplemented with ginger can serve as a functional snack for people suffering from diabetes mellitus and other oxidant‐related diseases.