annales musei nationalis slovaci zborník slovenského národného múzea bratislava 2022 a r c h e o l ó g i a 3 2 ročník cxvi zborník slovenského národného múzea annales musei nationalis slovaci
B e a t e M a r i a P o M B e r g e r -J ö r g M ü h l h a n Sk a y l e i g h S a u n D e r S o n -k a r i n a g r ö M e r the pellet bells from 15 graves of the avar cemeteries komárno iv, viii and iX were examined for their position in the graves, their types, their acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters and their metallurgical compositions within the framework of the research project 'Metallic idiophones between 800 Bc and 800 aD in central europe'. Based on the results, assumptions could be made about their functions. Burials with pellet bells are only a minority among all the total amount of burials of all three cemeteries together and date from the middle avar period ii onwards. only five graves belonged to children. these pellet bells can be interpreted as amulets and rather silent signal instruments, fixed on the clothes of the persons. the other ten grave belonged to horsemen and their horses. these pellet bells were part of the horse harness and served as jewellery, warning signal instrument and amulet. Most of the pellet bells were hammered of bronze sheet, and followed by those cast in bronze. But there are also pellet bells hammered of iron, copper and brass sheet. their main frequencies could be determined between 1.5 -4.5 khz. acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters can help to identify also similarities and differences between the objects and to get an idea of the actual sound. especially loudness and level can also be used to draw conclusions about the use of the objects. a video with the original sounds of the pellet bells was created and loaded up on the internet platform youtube: 'Pellet Bells from the avar Period in komárno'.
The collections of the Balaton Museum in Keszthely and of the Hungarian National Museum contain around 50 pellet bells from the Great Migration period from the Keszthely Region. All originate from cemeteries and were analysed concerning their find position, function, sounds, psychoacoustic parameters, and chemical compositions. Additionally, adhering textiles were investigated. Primarily children wore pellet bells hanging from their tunic. Pellet bell served as amulets and the idea that their sounds and metals protect are still popular today.
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