Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dilution and curing methods of an etch-and-rinse adhesive and a self-etching primer from the same manufacturer at early exposure time on cytotoxicity of primary human gingival fibroblasts.Materials and methods. Primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to different dilutions of Adper Single Bond (ASB) and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL) (3M ESPE, USA). They were evaluated in unpolymerized mode for 20 s, 5 min and 24 h and in polymerized mode for 24 h and 48 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using three cytotoxic tests (MTT, cell counting and DNA condensation). Data was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test.Results. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that unpolymerized APL was more cytotoxic compared to ASB after 20 s (P<0.05). By increasing the time to 5 min and 24 h, ASB was more cytotoxic than APL with lower dilutions. Polymerized ASB was more toxic than APL.Conclusion. Both adhesives were cytotoxic in different dilutions, times and curing modes. Cytotoxicity of the unpolymerized self-etching primer (APL) was more than etch-and-rinse adhesive (ASB) in 20 s, which is important clinically and dentists should be aware of the harmful effects and try to minimize it by curing and rinsing soon after composite resin insertion. ASB was more cytotoxic at 5 min and 24h.
PurposeAn in situ study evaluated the remineralization potential of 225 ppm fluoride (F) rinses with and without a calcium phosphate agent (TCP-Si-Ur) on eroded enamel.Methods20 human patients participated in this IRB approved study. Enamel blocks extracted from 20 human molars were assigned to each of the three study phases (G1, G2, G3). Each block was eroded using 1% citric acid (pH = 2.5), with a slice cut from each block to establish baseline lesion parameters (ie, integrated mineral loss ΔZ, and lesion depth LD) using transverse microradiography (TMR). Participants and assigned blocks were randomly divided into three 28-day phases. The blocks were mounted into modified orthodontic brackets and bonded to the buccal surface of one of the subject’s mandibular molars. The appliance remained in the subject’s mouth for 28 days. Prior to each study phase, participants observed a one-week-washout period using a fluoride-free dentifrice. In each phase, participants brushed with the fluoride-free dentifrice for 1 min, followed by one of the following coded treatments: G1: 225 ppm F + 40 ppm TCP-Si-Ur rinse (1 min); G2: 225 ppm F rinse (1 min); G3: no rinse (saliva-only). After each phase, appliances were removed and specimens were analyzed using TMR.ResultsTMR data (ie, ΔZ and LD) revealed all three groups significantly remineralized eroded enamel (paired t-tests, P < 0.001). Net mineralization (% change in ΔZ, LD) were as follows (mean (std.dev): G1: 44.1 (22.6), 30.5 (27.0); G2: 30.0 (7.4), 29.4 (10.5); G3: 23.8 (16.4), 25.7 (15.5). Furthermore, G1 was found to cause significantly more remineralization than G2 (P = 0.039) and G3, (P = 0.002).ConclusionMouthrinse containing 225 ppm F plus TCP-Si-Ur provided significantly greater remineralization relative to 225 ppm F only or saliva alone.
Objective:This study investigated the effects, on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, of using an antimicrobial selenium-containing sealant (DenteShield TM ) to serve dual functions of priming enamel prior to bonding and as a protective barrier against whitespot lesion formation. Materials and Methods:A total of 150 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into 10 groups (n=15/group). Stainless steel brackets were bonded with two adhesive systems (DenteShield TM or Transbond XT) after the enamel was conditioned with a primer (DenteShield TM or Assure Universal) or a filled resin sealant (DenteShield TM , Pro Seal TM or Opal Seal TM ). The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 hours and debonded with a universal testing machine. Results:The use of DenteShield TM adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface resulted in a significantly lower (P<0.05), but clinically acceptable, shear bond strength (mean & SD: 14.5±1.6 MPa) as compared with Transbond XT group (mean & SD: 19.3±1.7 MPa). DenteShield TM sealant used as primer resulted in shear bond strength values comparable to those of Pro Seal TM andOpal Seal TM . All adhesive-sealant and primer-sealant combinations tested in this study exhibited shear bond strength values greater than 9.6 MPa, sufficient for clinical orthodontic needs. Conclusion:DenteShield TM sealant can serve as primer as well as anti-demineralization sealant during orthodontic treatment without adversely affecting the shear bond strength of the bracket.
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