A novel total internal reflection (TIR) Raman tribometer has been used to explore the physiochemical changes associated with shear-thinning in synthetic base oil.
Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coatings have been deposited over different substrates used for biomedical applications by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). DLN has an interconnecting network of amorphous hydrogenated carbon and quartz-like oxygenated silicon. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used for structural characterization. Typical DLN growth rate is about 1 μm/h, measured by stylus profilometer. Due to the presence of quartz-like Si:O in the structure, it is found to have very good adhesive property with all the substrates. The adhesion strength found to be as high as 0•6 N on SS 316 L steel substrates by scratch testing method. The Young's modulus and hardness have found to be 132 GPa and 14•4 GPa, respectively. DLN coatings have wear factor in the order of 1 × 10 −7 mm 3 /N-m. This coating has found to be compatible with all important biomedical substrate materials and has successfully been deposited over Co-Cr alloy based knee implant of complex shape.
A new power optimization perspective based on constraint based library access in physical synthesis is presented in this paper. Power constraints are modelled and applied at the terminals of designs or subdesigns based on relative power criticality of terminals. These constraints are then used in Physical Synthesis to selectively mask or expose different drive strength or threshold voltage variants of a given cell type. This constrained library access approach is compared with regular library access approach using a state-of-the-art power optimization engine. Experimental data shows it is possible to claim additional power savings in proposed approach with no or minimal performance impact. Also, it is possible to modulate this methodology to have selective focus on dynamic or leakage power if necessary.
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