Objective: to analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening and early diagnosis. Methods: an ecological retrospective study of data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System collected between 2016 and 2020 was carried out. The data collection was guided by a semi-structured script, and the impact of the pandemic on breast cancer screen and diagnosis was established by using a formula and comparing the period of interest to 2020. Results: in Brazil, there was a significant drop in mammograms performed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a decrease of 361,855 exams from 2016 to 2020. Most diagnostic investigations were conducted with patients between 50 and 59 years, and there was a significant drop in mammograms in women aged under 40 years. Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer due to reduced availability. Contributions to practice: the study reinforces the importance of investing in public policies to face the pandemic scenario so that screening and treatment protocols be well targeted to guarantee better care for cancer patients.
A enfermagem é a ciência do cuidado, possui diversas áreas de atuação, tendo destaque a Estomaterapia, área exclusiva do enfermeiro, que atua em três eixos: feridas, estomias e incontinência urinária (IU). A IU consiste na perda involuntária de urinária com alta prevalência no mundo, afetando desde os aspectos psíquicos aos emocionais. Porém, os profissionais ainda possuem um déficit no conhecimento acerca da IU, sendo necessário, desse modo, capacitações visando qualificar os enfermeiros desde a graduação para atuarem frente a prevenção até o tratamento da disfunção. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo é relatar a experiência, na visão do docente, da importância de capacitações sobre IU para estudantes de graduação de enfermagem integrantes de um projeto de extensão de Estomaterapia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência realizado em junho de 2019 com acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior integrantes de um projeto de extensão em Estomaterapia, com aula presencial de caráter teórico sobre IU. Como resultados, teve uma significativa percepção do aumento do conhecimento sobre a disfunção, também foi notório, através dos questionamentos, o déficit no assunto antes da capacitação. Além disso, a capacitação proporcionou uma troca de informações entre orador e ouvinte, melhorando o processo de ensino aprendizagem. Portanto, conclui-se que as capacitações são importantes para ampliação do conhecimento sobre IU na enfermagem, a fim de que os profissionais possam atuar desde a prevenção ao tratamento da doença.
Objective To map the evidence available in the literature on the health-related quality of life of women with breast cancer using hormone therapy. Data sources This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological recommendations and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines. Searches were performed in nine databases using descriptors, synonyms and keywords; grey literature was also included. The review protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework under doi: http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/347FM . Inclusion criteria were established according to the Population, Concept, and Context strategy. The selection of studies was performed by two independent reviewers with the aid of RAYYAN software and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The main information from the included articles was grouped into textual categories and presented by means of a narrative synthesis. Data Summary A total of 5419 records were identified, of which 42 studies fully met the eligibility criteria. Most were multicenter studies (42.9%) and randomized controlled trials (62%). Most studies addressed anastrozole (39.5%), letrozole (34.2%), and tamoxifen (26.3%), which were studied alone or in combination. The most widely used health-related quality-of-life assessment tool was the EORTC-QLQ-C30. The concomitant use of hormone therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 4 and 6 showed improvement in health-related quality of life. Conclusion In recent years there has been an increase in studies focused on health-related quality of life, and the evidence pointed to relevant information on health-related quality of life and the use of endocrine therapy, tamoxifen in combination with aromatase inhibitors, as well as aromatase inhibitor alone and the use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6.
Objetivos:Desenvolver e validar um fôlder sobre prevenção do pé diabético direcionado a pacientes e seus familiares. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado em duas etapas. A primeira envolveu revisão bibliográfica para a construção do fôlder por meio de busca de artigos e manuais sobre diagnóstico, problemas enfrentados, autocuidado, prevenção e as principais intervenções do pé diabético na base de dados da Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos. A segunda etapa foi referente ao processo de validação, com participação de 23 enfermeiros estomaterapeutas. Utilizaram-se o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) para avaliar a validade do fôlder e o de Kappa como indicador de concordância. Resultados: O IVC global da tecnologia na primeira avaliação apontou IVC geral = 0,91 e índice de Kappa geral = 0,81. Após reformulação do material mediante sugestões dos juízes, um segundo ciclo de validação apontou IVC = 0,99 e Kappa = 0,98. Conclusão: A tecnologia proposta foi considerada validada por especialistas quanto aos objetivos, ao conteúdo, à relevância, às figuras, à forma de escrita e de conteúdo, apresentando altas pontuações no IVC e índice Kappa, sugerindo que o material pode ser utilizado para trabalhar prevenção do pé diabético com pacientes e seus familiares
Objectives: To develop and validate a folder on diabetic foot prevention aimed at patients and their families. Method: Methodological study carried out in two stages. The first one was bibliographic review for the construction of the folder through the search of articles and manuals on the diagnosis, problems faced, self-care, prevention and the main interventions of the diabetic foot in the database at the National Library of Medicine. The second stage was related to the validation process, with the participation of 23 stomatherapist nurses. The content validity index (CVI) was used to assess the validity of the folder and Kappa as an indicator of agreement. Results: The technology’s global CVI in the first evaluation showed an overall CVI = 0.91, and an overall Kappa index = 0.81. After reformulating the material based on the judges’ suggestions, a second validation cycle indicated CVI = 0.99 and Kappa CVI = 0.98. Conclusion: The proposed technology was considered validated by specialists in terms of objectives, content, relevance, figures, writing style and content, presenting high scores in the CVI and Kappa index, suggesting that the material can be used to work on the prevention of diabetic foot with the patients and their families.
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