A case-control study was conducted in a brickmaker's community in Juarez City, Chihuahua in Mexico. This population has been chronically exposed to a wide spectrum of potentially health-damaging pollutants that include coarse, fine and ultrafine particles, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, transitional metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols. Lipid peroxidation level (LPX) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) help to evaluate oxidized protein content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated in blood samples of study participants. The group of occupationally exposed (OE) workers consisted of 30 individuals ranging in age from 25 to 55 years, with a mean of 15 years in a brick production-related job. The control group included 30 volunteers who were neither environmentally nor occupationally exposed to brick production activities and whose sociodemographic characteristics were similar to the OE group. Results indicate that none of workers used any type of protective equipment (respirator or face mask, gloves, coveralls) during brick manufacturing. LPX and PCC significantly increased (p < 0.5) in the OE group compared to the control group. SOD, CAT and GPx activity was significantly increased (p < 0.5) in the OE group compared to the control group. Therefore, evaluation of stress oxidative biomarkers is advisable in order to assay chronic exposure to workers in brick manufacturing.
The purpose of this research was to design and validate a research instrument that delimits the degree of proenvironmental behavior (CPA). For the design and validation, the instrument was subjected to a review with specialists in the area. Subsequently, it was applied to the student community of the Autonomous University of Guerrero (UAGro). To define the adequacy and reliability of the items, along with their comprehension, was applied to a pilot group of 76 students. During the first review, the research instrument was approved by 15 experts, who also made suggestions. The reviewers endorsed the validity of the items’ content, and an optimum reliability score was obtained (Cronbach's alpha: 0.778). It is concluded that the evaluation instrument is valid in content, reliable, and accessible to monitor and evaluate the pro-environmental behavior in students.
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