In an effort to identify tea cultivars with high flavonol content, we measured flavonol glycoside levels in the tea
About 75% of the tea fields in Japan grow cv. 'Yabukita,' which is susceptible to many diseases such as anthracnose and gray blight. Therefore, broad range effective and long-lasting disease control methods are required. Plant activators (PAs) are compounds that induce disease resistance in plants.In the present study, we used AGREVO EX (a yeast extract preparation), probenazole, prohydrojasmon, and tiadinil as PAs and estimated their disease resistance-inducing activity on tea plants by wound-inoculation assays and field trials. An aqueous solution of each PA was sprayed on fieldgrown 'Yabukita'. PA-treated leaves were harvested and assayed for disease resistance-inducing activity. Lesion development of gray blight and anthracnose in PA-treated leaves was suppressed by each PA, and the induced resistance continued for at least 30 days after PA treatment. All the tested PAs induced disease resistance in tea plants systemically. In field trials, PAs were effective to the diseases of anthracnose and gray blight with control efficacies from 50.1 to 50.8 and 63.7 to 69.8 respectively. The growth and chemical composition of tea shoots were not changed by PA treatment. Based on these experiments, induced resistance by PAs is useful for the development of new disease control methods for tea production.
Tea anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum theae-sinensis (Miyake) Yamamoto, is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Japan. In the present study, we evaluated tea plants genetically resistant to anthracnose by using a novel wound-inoculation assay. Conidia of C. theae-sinensis were suspended in an adhesive mixture consisting of potato-sucrose broth and methylcellulose 400 cP (3% w/v). Detached mature tea leaves were wounded crosswise by a screwdriver with an adhesive conidial suspension. Inoculated leaves were cultivated on ROOTCUBES ® growing medium for 2 weeks in a growth chamber. The degree of resistance was estimated from lesion size. Five hundred tea genetic resources at the Makurazaki Tea Research Station were assayed in screening for anthracnose-resistant tea plants. Most of the foreign-introduced tea plants showed resistance, whereas native Japanese tea plants showed wide variation in the resistance to anthracnose. These results suggest that crossbreeding of native Japanese tea cultivars with foreign introduced varieties will be useful for breeding anthracnose-resistant tea plants of suitable quality.
We herein report a case of a 31-year-old Japanese man who simultaneously had a positive influenza A virus antigen test result and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD), demonstrated by both diffuse multiple early hyperfluorescent points on fluorescein fundus photography and serous retinal detachments on optical coherence tomography. He had meningitis. It was difficult to determine whether the main cause of meningitis was influenza A or VKHD. After initial treatment with peramivir for influenza A and then methylprednisolone pulse with subsequent corticosteroid therapy for VKHD, his symptoms improved gradually. These findings suggest that influenza A virus infection contributes to the onset or exacerbation of VKHD.
Common adverse effects of serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are nausea, dry mouth, dizziness and headache. We describe the case of a patient with dysosmia and subsequent dysgeusia associated with duloxetine. A 68-year-old Japanese woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, insomnia and reflux esophagitis presented to a local hospital with bilateral leg pain; she was treated with duloxetine. However, after 4 weeks, she sensed rotten egg smell, experienced nausea and vomiting and was admitted to our hospital. We diagnosed dysosmia using the T&T olfactometer threshold test and dysgeusia using filter paper disk method. Taste was assessed using electrogustometry. We suspected that dysosmia and dysgeusia were adverse effects of duloxetine. After stopping duloxetine, her symptoms gradually subsided and the above test results improved, despite continuing the other ongoing medication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of dysosmia and dysgeusia associated with duloxetine.
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