There is a small body of literature linking attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its symptoms to entrepreneurial manifestations. Some studies take a subclinical perspective by studying the presence of symptoms, while other studies take a clinical perspective by studying the formal diagnosis of ADHD. The entrepreneurial manifestations examined range from entrepreneurial intention to the choice to become self‐employed and from entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to entrepreneurial success. Despite its prominence in the entrepreneurship literature, to date only one study tested for a link with EO. The present study aims to replicate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and EO using a large data set of French small business owners. We do so by discriminating between the two dimensions of ADHD, namely attention‐deficit and hyperactivity, as well as the three dimensions of EO, namely innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking. We do not find a link between ADHD and EO, although we do find a positive link between ADHD and the risk‐taking subdimension of EO. Hyperactivity symptoms are positively related to EO, which is mainly driven by the subdimensions proactiveness and risk‐taking. We do not find a link between attention‐deficit symptoms and EO, though there is a negative link between attention‐deficit and proactiveness.

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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether verbal rating scales are viable formats for attitude measurement through an application to Japanese consumers' product quality perceptions.Design/methodology/approachThe article notes theoretical differences between Likert‐based and Thurstone approaches to attitude measurement. The paper illustrates a Thurstone scale development process.FindingsThe new scale possesses nomological validity; it correctly predicts how consumer ethnocentrism relates to product quality evaluations for brands in different competitive situations.Practical implicationsThe convenient, ready‐to‐apply verbal rating scale can measure Japanese consumers' perceptions of product quality. The article also offers survey researchers some practical guidance for developing their own verbal rating scales.Originality/valueVerbal rating scales are rarely found in existing literature. This study sheds light on a frequently overlooked measurement scale format for measuring attitudes.

It was reported that the addition of a small amount of titanium (0.5 - 3.99%) to a Cu-13.93%Al-3.36%Ni ternary alloy resulted in a remarkable grain-refining. The original grain-size of about 750 microns under hot-rolled and quenched conditions of the ternary alloy was reduced to that of the order of about 100 microns by addition of tiatanium. It was suggested that several technical improvements of the mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys, such as better formability, less cracking tendency at grain-boundaries, higher fatigue strength and hence higher reliability on application, might be expected in this way. The mechanism of the grain-refinement was explained by the presence of finely dispersed titanium-rich x-phase particles which might act as an obstacle against the grain-boundary migration. The particles on the other hand increased the thermal hysteresis of the transformation, as observed by the temperature changes in electrical resistivity and internal friction. This was again shown to be due to the obstacle effect of the x-phase particles against the movement of the interface between the betaphase and the martensite phase