In Japan, programming education will be introduced in the Courses of Study for Elementary School from FY2020. Although various studies have been conducted on this topic, very few have examined Japanese elementary school computational thinking in terms of the developmental stages of elementary school children. Thus, we developed programming learning materials using concrete objects that can be understood by lower-elementary students. Specifically, we divided program-oriented thinking into three steps: concrete, logical, and abstract thinking; we then made the pupils carry out work in this order to encourage them to think of the sequence of actions necessary to implement the intended act, which involved the measurement and control of an illumination system. Furthermore, we discuss the validity of the proposed material based on questionnaire results of student participants and their parents of a workshop.
The Society 5.0, advocated by the Japanese government in 2016, represents the society of the near future. In this context, the development and securing of human resources in mathematics, data science, and AI are urgent issues to promote technological innovation in the future. In this paper, a teaching material specializing in chassis of the vehicle performance in junior high school technology education was developed. The students manufactured their own teaching materials and evaluated them based on the data. The problems were identified and redesigned and remanufactured to solve them. The proposed class was practiced by students who were going to become teachers in a teacher training course, junior high school technology education. The results showed the educational effect of the material. In addition, a 13-h lesson plan that is the basis of The Lower Secondary School National Curriculum Standard was proposed.
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